بررسی، تحلیل و نقد طبقه‌بندی استعاره در آثار بلاغی

پس از شکل‌گیری پایه‌های نخستینِ علوم بلاغی، در مرحلۀ بعد پژوهشگران این عرصه به طبقه‌بندی کرانه‌های مختلف این دانش پرداختند. استعاره از قلمروهای اولیه‌ای است که از آغاز پی‌ریزی بلاغت، همواره مورد اهتمام بلاغیون بوده است. هنگامی‌که گسترۀ بلاغت وارد مرحلۀ طبقه‌بندی گردید، طبعاً استعاره نیز از این قاعده مستثنا نبود. بررسی آثار بلاغی مختلف در حوزۀ بلاغت عربی و فارسی نشان می‌دهد طبقه بندی استعاره ادوار مختلفی را در دو قلمروی بلاغت عربی و فارسی پشت سر گذرانده است.پژوهش حاضر تطور طبقه‌بندی استعاره را در امهات آثار بلاغی عربی و فارسی از روزگار نخستین تا عصر حاضر بررسی کرده است. بر این اساس می‌توان برای طبقه‌بندی استعاره در آثار بلاغی عربی سه مرحله و در آثار بلاغی فارسی شش مرحله در نظر گرفت. حاصل پژوهش نشان می‌دهد طبقه‌بندی آثار فارسی از قرن یازدهم به‌صورت کامل متاثر از آثار سکاکی، خطیب قزوینی و تفتازانی بوده است، هرچند برخی آثار بلاغی نقدهای اندکی نیز بر این طبقه‌بندی‌های مذکور وارد کرده‌اند؛ اما در روزگار ما برخی آثار بلاغی ضمن نقد طبقه‌بندی مرسوم، سودمندی خاصی را بر آن مترتب ندیده‌اند و برخی با نقد این طبقه‌بندی‌ها، مواردی بر آن‌ها افزوده‌اند.

Review, Analysis and Critique of the Metaphor Classification in RhetoricalWorks

After the formation of the first foundations of the rhetorical sciences, at a later stage, researchers in this field classified the different boundaries of this knowledge. The metaphor is one of the first realms that has always been the subject for researchers in this field, since the beginning of this science. When the rhetoric entered the classification stage, naturally, metaphor was no exception to this rule. The study of various rhetorical works in Arabic and Persian rhetoric shows that the classification of metaphor has passed different periods in Arabic and Persian rhetoric. his research has examined the evolution of the metaphor classification in Arabic and Persian rhetorical works from the earliest to the present day. Accordingly, three stages can be considered for categorization of metaphors in Arabic rhetorical works and six stages in Persian rhetorical works. The result of the research shows that the classification of works of Persian from the eleventh century has been fully influenced by the works of Sakkaki, Khatib Qazvini and Taftazani. However, some of the rhetorical works have made criticism of these classifications. In our day, some of the rhetorical works, while criticizing these categories, have considered the past categories to be useless and some researchers while criticizing these classifications, have added new issues to them his research has examined the evolution of the metaphor classification in Arabic and Persian rhetorical works from the earliest to the present day. Accordingly, three stages can be considered for categorization of metaphors in Arabic rhetorical works and six stages in Persian rhetorical works. The result of the research shows that the classification of works of Persian from the eleventh century has been fully influenced by the works of Sakkaki, Khatib Qazvini and Taftazani. However, some of the rhetorical works have made criticism of these classifications. In our day, some of the rhetorical works, while criticizing these categories, have considered the past categories to be useless and some researchers while criticizing these classifications, have added new issues to them This research has examined the evolution of the metaphor classification in Arabic and Persian rhetorical works from the earliest to the present day. Accordingly, three stages can be considered for categorization of metaphors in Arabic rhetoric works and six stages in Persian rhetorical works. The result of the research shows that the classification of works of Persian from the eleventh century have been fully influenced by the works of Sakkaki, Khatib Qazvini and Taftazani. However, some of the rhetorical works have made criticism of these classifications. In our day, some of the rhetorical works, while criticizing these categories, have considered the past categories to be useless and some researchers while criticizing these classifications, have added new issues to them.