تحلیل اقتصاد زبانی در نامه های نهج البلاغه بر اساس نظریه نقش گرایی هلیدی

اﻗﺘﺼﺎد زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ذﻫﻨﻲ-زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ذﻫﻦ ﺑﺮای اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ و ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ از ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎی زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد؛ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ، ﻫﻤﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از آن ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان «اﺻﻞ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻮﺷﻲ» ﻳﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ اﺻﻞ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ: اﺻﻞ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق، ﻫﻤﻨﺸﻴﻨﻲ، ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ و اﻳﺠﺎز اﺷﺎره دارد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨه ﻛﻬﻦ در زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻋﺮب دارﻧﺪ. اﻗﺘﺼﺎد زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺎﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎی ادﺑﻲ ﻣﺘﻮن دﻳﻨﻲ، ﺑﻪ وﻓﻮر دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﻲ (ع) ﺑﺮای اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، دﻳﻨﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮای ﺑﻴﺎن وﺻﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣه ﺧﻮد از اﻳﻦ اﺻﻞ زﺑﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮده ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪف اﻳﺸﺎن ﻋﺪم اﻃﻨﺎب ﺑﻲ ﻣﻮرد و رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﭘﻴﺎم ﺑﺪون اﻳﺠﺎد دوﮔﺎﻧﮕﻲ در ذﻫﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﻳه ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮاﻳﻲ ﻫﻠﻴﺪی ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ادﺑﻴﺎت و ﺑﻼﻏﺖ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﻲ (ع) در ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎن ﻧﺒﻮده ﺑﻠﻜﻪ اﻳﺸﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎری و ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﭘﻴﺎم در ذﻫﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻲ، وﺻﺎﻳﺎ و ﺳﻔﺎرش ﻫﺎی ﺧﻮد از اﺻﻞ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻮﺷﻲ ﺑﻬﺮه و آن را در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻄﻮح و ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی زﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮده اﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮوﻧﺪه اﻧﺮژی ﭼﻪ ذﻫﻨﻲ و ﭼﻪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﻴﺪه و ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ اﺻﻞ ﭘﻴﺎم را ﺑﻪ درﺳﺘﻲ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.

An Analysis of the Economics of Language in the Letters of Nahj al-Balagha Based on Halliday’s Functional Linguistics Theories

Language Economy is a mentallingual activity that mind by applying the least linguistuc structures uses the lingual patterns to represent the intended concepts and meanings. In other words, it is the principle of Parsimony. Language Economy is common in all languages all over the world. Arabic is not an exception, but a prominent example of this. It is abundatly seen in Nahi alBalagha which is a literary masterpiece in religious texts. This valuable book has multiple chapters one of which is the letters of Imam Ali. This letters have different parts including wills, circulars, instructions, governmental commands, and written letters that are characterized by excerpt, abbreviation, briefness, and Parsimony principle. This research aims to study Language Economy in Nahj alBalagha letters based on Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics Theories using a descriptiveanalytical approach. The results of this study reveal that Imam Ali has used the Parsimony principle in all the lingual levels and layers of letters in order to keep and save his message in the mind of the reader as well as to transfer the important governmental messages, wills, and instructions.