بررسی سرعت و جهت باد بیشینه در ایستگاه‌های همدیدی شرق دریاچه ارومیه

با توجه به اهمیت باد از دیدگاه مخاطرات و پتانسیل‌های آن، بررسی این موضوع موردتوجه محققان کشورهای مختلف است. استان آذربایجان‌شرقی در شرق دریاچه ارومیه و یکی از مناطق بادخیز کشور قرار دارد و به علت هم‌جواری با بستر نمکی حاصل از خشک‌شدن دریاچه ارومیه، در معرض مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی و بهداشتی است. در این تحقیق سرعت، روند تغییرات و جهت باد بیشینه 16 ایستگاه همدیدی واقع در شرق دریاچه ارومیه در دوره 1401-1394 بررسی شد. برای تعیین روند تغییرات سرعت باد از آزمون ناپارامتری من- کندال و تخمین‌گر شیب سن و برای بررسی جهت باد از نمودار گلباد استفاده شد. مطابق نتایج، تغییرات سرعت باد بیشینه فقط در دو ایستگاه شبستر و سهند به ترتیب با شیب 0.089+ و 0.070+ روند افزایشی معنی‌دار و در ایستگاه‌های تبریز، ملکان و مراغه به ترتیب با شیب 0.058، 0.037- و 0.092- روند کاهشی معنی‌دار داشت و در ایستگاه‌های کلیبر، میانه، جلفا، بستان آباد، بناب و سراب بدون روند بود. مطابق نمودارهای گلباد، در اکثر ایستگاه‌ها جهت باد غالب از سمت غرب و جنوب‌غربی است که این موضوع می‌تواند در آینده موجب افزایش بیماری‌های تنفسی در اثر طوفان‌های نمکی برخاسته از بستر خشک دریاچه ارومیه در استان‌های شرقی آن شود. به‌طورکلی علت این امر می‌تواند مرتبط با گرادیان فشار با توجه به توپوگرافی و وجود ارتفاعات کوه سهند در منطقه، اصطکاک سطحی با توجه به مشخصات جغرافیایی، کاربری اراضی و وجود ساختمان‌ها در مناطق شهری و دیگر عوامل جغرافیایی مرتبط با این مسئله باشد. فراوانی بادهای شدید در همه ایستگاه‌ها زیاد بوده و بیش از %50 از بادهای بیشینه در همه ایستگاه‌ها سرعتی بیش از m/s 11.11 دارند. اگرچه نتایج این تحقیق لزوم توجه به آسیب‌پذیری مناطق شرقی دریاچه ارومیه از نظر مخاطرات محیطی را نشان می‌دهد، ولی از دیدگاه انرژی، نشانگر پتانسیل مناسب این منطقه برای تولید انرژی بادی است.

investigating the maximum wind speed and wind direction of synoptic stations in the east of lake urmia

introduction using wind and converting it into a source of energy has been practiced in many countries since ancient times. on the other hand, weather is the cause of many natural disasters and accidents, and no part of the planet is immune to atmospheric hazards. strong and intense winds, known as storms, cause significant damage to human living environments every year. approximately 90% of the world’s natural disasters are related to climatic factors. after floods, which account for approximately 35% of these disasters, storms are responsible for about 30% of the damage caused by natural disasters. the level of risk and damage caused by strong winds and storms depends on their direction, intensity, and the geographical location of the region. considering the importance of wind in terms of its risks and potential, the study of this phenomenon has drawn the attention of researchers worldwide. due to its arid and semi-arid climate, iran experiences the negative effects and consequences of wind more than its benefits. east azarbaijan province, located east of lake urmia, is one of the windy regions of the country. due to its proximity to the salt bed formed by the drying up of lake urmia, the province faces significant environmental and health hazards. by studying the speed and direction of strong winds in this region, management plans can be developed, vulnerability thresholds for structures determined, and resistant designs implemented to reduce resulting damages. the purpose of this research is to investigate the speed and direction of maximum wind and its changes while identifying vulnerable and windy areas east of lake urmia.material and methods this research investigated the speed, changes, and direction of maximum wind at 16 synoptic stations located east of lake urmia during the period of 1394–1401. the non-parametric mann-kendall trend test and sen’s slope estimator were used to determine the trend of wind speed changes. wind rose diagrams were used to analyze the prevailing wind direction. all calculations related to data preparation and tests for checking the trend of maximum wind speed were performed using xlstat software, and wrplot software was used to generate wind diagrams.results and discussion according to the results of the non-parametric mann-kendall test and sen’s slope estimator, among the 16 stations investigated in the east of lake urmia, significant increasing trends in maximum wind speed changes were observed only at shabestar and sahand stations, with sen’s slopes of +0.089 and +0.070, respectively. a significant decreasing trend was observed at tabriz, malekan, and maragheh stations, with sen’s slopes of -0.058, -0.037, and -0.092, respectively. no trend in maximum wind speed changes was observed at kalibar, mianeh, jolfa, bostanabad, bonab, and sarab stations. based on the wind rose diagrams, the prevailing wind direction at most stations is from the west and southwest, which could potentially increase respiratory diseases in the future due to salt storms originating from the dry bed of lake urmia affecting the eastern provinces. this pattern is likely related to the pressure gradient influenced by topography, the presence of sahand mountain heights in the region, surface friction based on geographical characteristics, land use, and urban structures.at specific stations, the prevailing wind direction was observed as follows: bonab and sarab from the west; ahar, charoimaq, mianeh, tabriz, and varzeqan from the southwest; bostanabad, heris, malekan, marand, and shabestar from the south; jolfa and kalibar from the northwest; maragheh from the east; and sahand from the west and southwest. the frequency of strong winds was high across all stations, with more than 50% of maximum winds exceeding 11.11 m/s.