نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود تاب‌آوری خانوارهای روستایی در مقابل خشکسالی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان مشهد)

امروزه جوامع روستایی بیشترین آسیب را از اثرات خشکسالی دیده اند. با توجه به آسیب پذیری خانوارهای روستایی توجه به سرمایه اجتماعی به‌ عنوان یکی از مولفه‌های کلیدی تاب آوری، می تواند بهبود روند برنامه ریزی برای توسعه روستایی را تسهیل کند. لذا این پژوهش با هدف کلی بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود ابعاد تاب آوری خانوارهای روستایی در شرایط خشکسالی در سطح شهرستان مشهد انجام گرفت. در این راستا از روش تحقیق پیمایشی با به‌کارگیری پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری ، 11706 نفر از خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان مشهد است که بر پایه جدول مورگان، 372 خانوار با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای چندمرحله‌ای با انتساب متناسب انتخاب شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده ها، از مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری (sem)، آزمون t تک نمونه ای و همبستگی پیرسون استفاده گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که خانوارهای موردمطالعه از نظر وضعیت سرمایه اجتماعی در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار دارند اما از نظر وضعیت تاب‌آوری در وضعیت مناسبی نیستند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین سرمایه اجتماعی و تمامی ابعاد تاب آوری خانوارهای روستایی رابطه مثبت و معنی داری وجود دارد. علاوه بر این نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری پژوهش نشان داد که ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی با ضریب (0.82) اثر مثبتی بر ابعاد تاب آوری خانوارهای روستایی در برابر خشکسالی شهرستان مشهد دارد. در بین عوامل پنهان سرمایه اجتماعی عامل شبکه های اجتماعی (0.93) بیشترین نقش را در بهبود تاب آوری خانوارهای روستایی در برابر خشکسالی ایفا کرده است. همچنین بیشترین اثر سرمایه اجتماعی مربوط به بعد اقتصادی و کمترین اثر مربوط به بعد کالبدی تاب آوری خانوارهای روستایی بوده است.

the role of social capital to improve the resilience of rural households in drought conditions (case study: mashhad township)

introduction over the past few years, the world has faced various climatic anomalies. climate change poses a significant threat to natural and human systems on a global scale. natural hazards, as recurring phenomena, can become catastrophic and have devastating impacts in the absence of effective systems to mitigate them. among natural hazards, drought is one of the most complex, threatening both human life and natural ecosystems. given the various drought management strategies, the drought risk management approach aims to reduce the loss of life and financial damage caused by droughts. implementing effective strategies to reduce vulnerability, along with increasing resilience, is considered the primary step in drought risk management.the key element to improving the condition of rural households during drought conditions is increasing attention to the concept of resilience, which promotes positive adaptation and flexibility in such situations. social capital is recognized by social science scholars as one of the key components of community resilience. resilient communities can better cope with shocks, and sudden changes do not disrupt their development to the extent seen in less resilient communities. therefore, development in communities characterized by high levels of social capital and consequently higher resilience is likely to be more sustainable than in communities with lower levels of resilience. social capital can play an important role in reducing vulnerability to natural disasters and hazards by strengthening social systems through cooperation and communication among various organizations, groups, and social networks.rural areas in mashhad township have been directly and indirectly affected by the impacts of drought. the occurrence of droughts in the region has led to increased vulnerability of rural communities due to their low resilience to this hazard. therefore, emphasizing rural resilience, where social capital plays a significant role in enhancing it within the framework of drought risk management, is crucial. since improper drought risk management has been the root of many issues and challenges in the region, enhancing the resilience of rural residents through strengthening social capital plays a critical role in drought risk management. consequently, this study, relying on social capital, seeks to answer the question of how the social capital and resilience of rural households in mashhad township fare against drought. it also investigates how social capital affects the dimensions of household resilience. therefore, the study first aimed to assess and evaluate the status of social capital and the level of resilience of rural households against drought in mashhad township and then to examine the relationship between social capital and the improvement of rural resilience dimensions in mashhad township.material and methods this study is quantitative in nature, with an applied objective, and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive-correlational research. to gather information, the documentary method was used for the theoretical part, while the survey method, based on field observation and questionnaires, was utilized for the empirical part. social capital and resilience are measured in various ways. in this study, a set of indicators was used to measure and evaluate resilience and social capital. by reviewing the literature and conducting library studies, 31 items related to social capital were developed within three components, while 79 items in 16 components were designed to evaluate the economic, social, infrastructural, institutional, and environmental dimensions of resilience. the questionnaire items were constructed using a five-point likert scale.the statistical population of this study consists of 11,706 rural households residing in mashhad township. using the morgan table, a sample size of 372 households was selected.