Auraptene Promotes Thp-1 Polarization To M1 Macrophages and Improves M1 Function

Background and objectives: macrophages play an important role in tumor growth (m2 macrophage) or suppression (m1 macrophage). auraptene, a prenyloxycoumarin compound extracted from citrus plants, has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. the purpose of this study was to look into the effect of auraptene on macrophage polarization and the tumor microenvironment when a human monocyte cell line (thp-1) was co-cultured with human colorectal adenocarcinoma (ht-29). methods: the toxicity of auraptene on thp-1 and ht-29 cells was determined by the mtt method. using flow cytometry, the effect of auraptene on macrophage polarization was studied through thp-1 as a macrophage source. the effect of auraptene on the macrophage population was also studied in thp-1 co-cultured with ht-29. furthermore, macrophage function was assessed by measuring il-10 and il-12 concentrations using the elisa method, nitric oxide (no) concentrations using the griess method, and ht-29 apoptosis by flow cytometry. results: the m1/m2 ratio of thp-1 exposed to auraptene increased significantly in both naive thp-1 and thp-1 co-cultured with ht-29. auraptene significantly reduced tumor-protective il-10 secretion in m1 (p=0.0032) and m2 (p=0.0011). auraptene increased anti-tumor il-12 in m2 significantly (p=0.0011). it increased m1 no production (p=0.0236) while decreasing m2 no production (p=0.0001). auraptene also increased ht-29 apoptosis in m0 and m1 co-cultures (p<0.0001). conclusion: auraptene altered the release profiles and macrophage types to enhance the suppression of ht-29 cells.