بررسی تاثیر نگرش‌های جنسیتی بر کیفیت زندگی زنان و مردان

در علوم اجتماعی بررسی نگرش‌ها و آثار و پیامدهای آن موضوعی مهم و درخور توجه بوده است. یکی از این نگرش‌ها، یعنی نگرش‌های جنسیتی نقشی محوری در تحولات نهاد خانواده دارد. درون‌مایۀ این نگرش‌ها، تغییر در ساختار کهن نقش‌های جنسیتی و تبدیل روابط مردسالارانه به روابط برابر بین زن و مرد است. هدف پژوهش حاضر آن است که تاثیر نگرش‌های جنسیتی را بر رضایت از زندگی در ابعاد مختلف آن و در ارزیابی افراد از کیفیت زندگی خود بررسی کند. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش افراد بالای 15 سال خانوارهای معمولی ساکن در مناطق شهری کل کشور در سال 1397 و حجم نمونه 5036 نفر است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد حدود 10درصد زنان و 27درصد از مردان دارای نگرش جنسیتی سنتی و 37درصد از زنان و 20درصد از مردان دارای نگرش جنسیتی برابرطلب یا مدرن بوده‌اند و درنهایت حدود 54درصد از زنان و مردان دارای نگرش بینابینی بوده‌اند. کیفیت زندگی زنان از مردان اندکی بیشتر بوده است. نگرش جنسیتی رابطۀ منفی با کیفیت زندگی داشته است؛ بدین معنا که هرچه نگرش جنسیتی مدرن‌تر بوده، کیفیت زندگی ذهنی پایین‌تر بوده است. این تاثیرگذاری بر کیفیت زندگی ذهنی زنان به‌مراتب بیشتر بوده است. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد متغیر نگرش جنسیتی در بین زنان با ضریب بتای 196.- مهم‌ترین متغیر تاثیرگذار بر کیفیت زندگی زنان بوده است. حال آنکه نگرش جنسیتی در بین مردان با ضریب 055.- تاثیرگذاری کمتری داشته است.

examining the impact of gender attitudes on the quality of life in men and women

introductionattitudes are multifaceted constructs shaped by individual experiences and broader socio-cultural frameworks, significantly influencing how people perceive, interpret, and navigate their social environments. gender, as a fundamental organizing principle of society, creates distinct realities for men and women, playing a pivotal role in shaping individual experiences. consequently, gender attitudes—comprising beliefs and values related to social roles, behaviors, and attributes associated with each gender—are crucial determinants of life satisfaction and overall quality of life. these attitudes exist along a spectrum, ranging from traditional or patriarchal perspectives, which typically uphold distinct gender roles and reinforce male dominance, to egalitarian viewpoints that emphasize gender equality and the equitable distribution of labor and responsibilities. the impact of gender attitudes on life satisfaction and quality of life varies significantly across different societies, indicating that their influence is contingent upon the prevailing socio-cultural context. specifically, attitudes that align with dominant socio-cultural norms are likely to foster a sense of satisfaction and enhance quality of life. in contrast, attitudes that deviate from these norms can generate dissonance, pressure, and dissatisfaction, ultimately diminishing quality of life. this study aimed to investigate the nuanced effects of gender attitudes on various dimensions of life satisfaction and subjective quality of life among men and women in iran.   materials & methodsthis research utilized a secondary analysis of data from the national family survey (faizi & ebrahimi, 2018). the target population included individuals aged 15 years and older residing in ordinary urban households throughout iran in 2018. a two-stage sampling methodology was employed to ensure a representative sample. in the first stage, 834 urban blocks were selected using probability proportional to size (pps) sampling from all urban blocks across the country. in the second stage, 6 eligible individuals—3 men and 3 women—were systematically selected from each sampled block using linear systematic sampling. this approach yielded a final sample of 5,036 participants. data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews within households, utilizing tablets, from late may to late july 2018.to ensure the instruments accurately measured the intended constructs, both face and construct validity were established. reliability was assessed using cronbach’s alpha. the gender attitude index was created by averaging scores from 9 items, including statements like the breadwinner of the household must be a man and men should have the final say at home. the cronbach’s alpha for this index was 0.72, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. scores ranged from 0 to 4 and respondents were categorized into 3 groups based on their scores: traditional or patriarchal (0–1.33), intermediate (1.34–2.67), and modern or egalitarian (2.68–4). subjective quality of life was measured using a composite index that included life satisfaction across 12 dimensions, along with a general life satisfaction item. responses were recorded on a scale ranging from not at all to very much. the cronbach’s alpha for the quality of life index was 0.82, demonstrating strong internal consistency. discussion of results & conclusionthe analysis revealed a significant disparity in gender attitudes between men and women. specifically, men exhibited more traditional gender attitudes, with 27% holding traditional views compared to only 10% of women. the average life satisfaction score measured on a scale of 0 to 5 was 3.68 for women and 3.57 for men. similarly, the average subjective quality of life score measured on a scale of 0 to 65 was 40.10 for women and 39.43 for men.