فرایند فرهنگ ‌پذیری در میان نوجوانان افغانستانی، یک مطالعۀ کیفی در شهر یزد

در چند دهۀ گذشته، مهاجرت افغانستانی ‌ها به دیگر کشورهای جهان، به‌ویژه ایران و پاکستان، موج‌های مهاجرتی عظیمی را به‌ وجود آورده است، به‌گونه‌ای که زندگی آنان در چهار دهۀ گذشته در کشور ایران، مسائل مهمی را به‌ وجود آورده است. سازگاری و تطبیق‌پذیری نوجوانان مهاجر افغانستانی یا در اصطلاح مهاجران نسل دوم با جوامع میزبان، از جملۀ این مسائل بوده است. با توجه به اینکه بسیاری از آنان در ایران به‌ دنیا آمده‌اند، اما همچنان فعالانه درگیر فرایند فرهنگ‌پذیری و پیچیدگی‌های آن‌اند، مطالعۀ پیش ‌رو با استفاده از پارادایم تفسیری، روش نظریۀ زمینه‌ای و با نمونه‌گیری نظری، 21 نفر از نوجوانان افغانستانی ساکن یزد را انتخاب کرد‌ و مصاحبه‌های عمیق دربارۀ چالش‌های مهاجرتی با آنان انجام شد. فرایند نمونه‌گیری تا مرحلۀ اشباع داده‌ها ادامه پیدا کرد و داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی و در قالب هفده مقولۀ هسته ارائه شده‌ است. مقولات اصلی کشف‌شده شامل پروبلماتیک شغلی، فوبیای ذهنیت‌های انسان‌زدایانه، تبعیض‌های ساختاری تزلزل‌بخش، اتوپیای انتظار، بازنمایی و اقناع هویت و ... هستند. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که نوجوانان مهاجر نسل دوم از فرایندهای تطبیق‌پذیری در مقابل ساختارهای اجتماعی دل‌زده می‌شوند و در آنان خودپندارۀ منفی تشکیل می‌شود. بر همین ‌اساس، مدل پارادایمی و نظریۀ تجربی پژوهش ارائه شدند.

navigating social identity: a study of acculturation processes among afghan adolescents in yazd, iran

over the past few decades, significant waves of afghan migration have occurred, particularly to neighboring countries, such as iran and pakistan. this phenomenon has created substantial challenges, especially in iran, where afghans have resided for the last four decades. among these challenges, adaptation and acculturation of afghan immigrant adolescents - the second generation - to their host societies have been particularly noteworthy. although many of these adolescents have been born in iran, they remain actively engaged in the complex process of acculturation. naturally, this second generation experiences a different cultural adaptation process compared to their predecessors. they face more pronounced value and cultural conflicts due to the dual influences of their parents’ culture and the society in which they live. in light of this, our literature review focused on the relevant research and theories related to identity and adaptation. this theoretical sensitivity informed our research design and the development of our interview protocol. the protocol was structured to explore the methods and mechanisms of adolescent adaptation, their interactions with significant others, and their experiences within social structures. our inquiry aimed to investigate various aspects of these adolescents’ experiences, including:advantages and disadvantages of living in irantheir sense of belonging and concept of homelandthe meaning they attribute to ’homeland’their cultural commonalities with iranian societythrough this approach, we sought to examine various adaptation patterns and adjust our interview protocol around these sensitive concepts. this methodology allowed us to delve deeply into the multifaceted acculturation process experienced by afghan adolescents in iran, providing insights into their unique challenges and experiences as second-generation immigrants.  materials & methodsthis study employed a qualitative research design, utilizing the grounded theory approach with a systematic method. the data analysis process involved open, axial, and selective coding techniques.participants: the study sample consisted of 21 afghan adolescents, comprising 15 males and 6 females. participants were selected based on diverse inclusion criteria to ensure a representative sample.data collection: data were collected through in-depth interviews with the afghan adolescents. the interview protocol was designed to explore various aspects of their acculturation experiences.ethical considerations: the research adhered to strict ethical guidelines. informed consent was obtained from all participants and their guardians. confidentiality and anonymity were maintained throughout the research process.these methodological approaches were employed to enhance the rigor and credibility (validity and reliability) of the study, providing a comprehensive exploration of the acculturation process among afghan adolescents in iran. discussion of results & conclusionthe study’s findings were categorized into 15 main themes, including occupational challenges, fear of dehumanizing attitudes, destabilization due to structural discrimination, utopian expectations, and identity representation and persuasion. the core category that emerged was identity paradoxes. our analysis revealed that second-generation immigrant adolescents often became discouraged by the adaptation processes they faced within social structures, leading to the formation of a negative self-concept.