زمینه‎‍های فرسایش اعتماد نهادی: واکاوی تجربۀ کارگران از مراجعه به نهادهای حمایتی و رفاهی

اعتمادی نهادی، نوعی ‎‍اعتماد در سطوح میانی جامعه است. منظور از ‎‍اعتمادی نهادی، ‎‍اعتماد به سازمان‎‍ها، ادارات و انواع نهادها در سطح جامعه است. هدف این مطالعه، شناخت تجربیات کارگران از مراجعه به نهادهای حمایتی و رفاهی است که پذیرفته‎‍شدگی، مشروعیت و ‌‎‍مشروعیت‌نداشتن این نهادها را در نگاه کارگران تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. مطالعه با رویکرد تفسیری-کیفی و روش داده‎‍بنیاد برساخت‌گرا اجرا شده ‎‍‎‍است. پژوهشگران برای دستیابی به داده‎‍های مورد نیاز، در سه نقش کارگر، محقق و کارمند یکی از نهادهای حمایتی در میدان حضور یافته‎‍اند. برای انتخاب کارگرانی که تجربۀ مراجعه به نهادهای حمایتی را داشته‎‍اند، از شیوۀ نمونه‎‍گیری هدفمند و نظری استفاده شد. با رسیدن نمونه‎‍ها به 37 نفر، اشباع نظری حاصل شد. واکاوی تجربۀ کارگران از مراجعه به نهادهای حمایتی و رفاهی، دستیابی به مقوله‎‍های ادراک فساد، ‌‎‍همدلی‌نکردن کارگزاران، بوروکراسی ناکارآمد، اثربخش‌نبودن نهادها، بحران سیاست‎‍گذاری و بیگانگی نهادی حاصل شد که ذیل مقولۀ اصلی فرسایش اعتمادی نهادی، کد‌گذاری شده ‎‍است.

context of institutional trust erosion: an inquiry into workers’ experiences in accessing support and welfare institutions

introductionone of the fundamental components of social capital is the level of social or institutional trust. institutional trust emerges when citizens perceive government institutions as accountable, efficient, benevolent, predictable, open, transparent, fair, and honest. it represents an abstract form of trust placed in institutions and organizations. the degree of trust individuals have in different institutions varies across societies and evolves over time. people anticipate that each organization will act in alignment with its foundational goals and nature. consequently, if an organization fails to act according to its defined objectives, it will lose its efficacy. the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of an organization, as perceived by different individuals in the society, influences the legitimacy or illegitimacy of that organization in their eyes. this, in turn, shapes people’s level of trust in these institutions. examining workers’ experiences with welfare and social security institutions, such as labor department, cooperatives and social welfare, and social security organization, can be of great significance in comprehending the acceptance, legitimacy, or illegitimacy of these institutions from the workers’ perspective. therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate workers’ experiences when interacting with these institutions. in doing so, we sought to address the following questions: how do workers feel when they visit these institutions? to what extent do they perceive these institutions as facilitators? what has been their interaction with the staff of these supportive institutions? how do they evaluate the efficiency of these institutions? and are they inclined to revisit them to resolve their issues?   materials & methodsin this exploratory study, a constructivist grounded theory approach rooted in the interpretive-critical paradigm was employed. the researchers assumed multiple roles, including that of a worker, researcher, and employee of one of the supportive institutions in the field, to gather the necessary data.in the initial stage, one of the researchers immersed themselves in the role of a worker, adopting a covert and non-systematic observation approach within a natural setting to collect data. this involved actively participating in the worker’s role and observing the environment.the second stage involved the researchers assuming their actual roles as researchers in workshops and supportive welfare institutions. through interactions with workers, techniques, such as semi-structured interviews, were conducted and the researchers attended dispute resolution sessions between workers and employers at tehran province cooperatives, labor, and social welfare administration.the third stage involved one of the researchers assuming the position of an employee in a relevant supportive institution, specifically the social security organization. by becoming a complete participant in the research field, the researcher aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the workers’ level of trust in welfare and supportive institutions, as well as the nature of their interactions with these institutions. similar to the first stage, information was collected through covert and non-systematic observation within a natural setting.participant selection was done through a purposive and theoretical sampling approach. the sample consisted of unemployed iranian workers living in tehran, who were accessed through referrals to the labor, cooperatives, and social welfare administration, as well as the social security organization. the number of participants continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, adhering to the principles of qualitative sampling. theoretical and analytical field notes provided a comprehensive understanding of the research context.