نقش واسطه‌‌ای نگرش به کووید-19 در رابطۀ سواد سلامت با رفتار سلامت‌محور شهروندان در دورۀ پاندمی کووید-19 مورد مطالعه: شهروندان 6515 سال شهر اهواز

در دو سال اخیر با شیوع پاندمی کووید-19 و پیامدهای آن برای جامعه، رفتارهای سلامت‌محور توجه متفکران و صاحب‌نظران را به خود جلب کرده است؛ این رفتارها شامل فعالیت‌هایی است که برای پیشگیری یا تشخیص بیماری یا بهبود سلامتی انجام می‌شوند. مفهوم یادشده مثل سایر پدیده‌ها متاثر از عوامل عدیده است که در این پژوهش نقش سازه‌های نگرش به کووید-19 و سواد سلامت در رفتار سلامت‌محور شهروندان شهر اهواز در دورۀ پاندمی کووید-19 بررسی شده است؛ بنابراین، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش واسطه‌‌ای نگرش به کووید-19 در رابطۀ سواد سلامت با رفتار سلامت‌محور شهروندان در دورۀ پاندمی کووید-19 است. روش پژوهش پیمایشی و جامعۀ آماری آن، همۀ شهروندان 15 تا 65 سال شهر اهواز به تعداد 839148 است که از این تعداد براساس فرمول کوکران، 384 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای به‌منزلۀ نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش، شامل مقیاس استاندارد لو و همکاران (2020) برای سنجش متغیر رفتار سلامت‌محور، پرسش‌نامۀ استاندارد ضاربان و همکاران (1395) برای سنجش سازۀ سواد سلامت ازطریق پرسش‌‌نامه و پرسش‌‌نامۀ استاندارد ال‌هناوری و همکاران (2020) برای اندازه‌گیری متغیر نگرش به کووید-19 است. یافته‌های پژوهش در سطح توصیفی نشان داد رفتارهای سلامت‌محور میان شهروندان اهوازی بالاتر از مقدار متوسط بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مسیر نشان داد سازه‌های سواد سلامت (0.402) و نگرش به کووید-19 (0.679)، قدرت زیادی در پیش‌بینی رفتار سلامت داشته‌اند. همچنین این دو متغیر با توجه به نتایج تحلیل مسیر، موفق به تبیین 51 درصدی واریانس رفتار سلامت‌محور میان شهروندان اهوازی شده‌اند. به‌طور کلی می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که سواد سلامت و نگرش به کووید-19 نقش کلیدی در بهبود رفتارهای سلامت‌محور شهروندان دارد.

The Mediating Role of Covid19 Attitudes in the Relation of Health Literacy with Citizens’ Health Behaviors during Pandemic Covid19 (Case Study: 1565yearold Citizens in Ahvaz)

IntroductionIn the last two years, due to the outbreak of the Covid19 pandemic and its consequences for the society, such issues as health behavior have attracted the thinkers and experts’ attention. The health behavior includes the activities performed to prevent or diagnose diseases and improve health. This concept like other phenomena is influenced by many factors. In this study, the role of the variables of attitude towards Covid19 and health literacy in Ahvaz citizens’ health behaviors were investigated. The main aim was to study the mediating role of attitudes towards Covid19 in the relationship between health literacy and the citizens’ health behaviors.  Materials & MethodsThis research was based on a survey method. The statistical population of this study included 1565yearold citizens in Ahvaz City (839148 people), of whom 384 people were selected as the study sample based on Cochran’s formula by using multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments consisted of the Health Behavior Scale used by Lou et al. (2020), the Health Literacy questionnaire by Zareban et al.  (2016), and the Attitude questionnaire by Hanawari et al. (2020). In the current study, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to estimate the reliability of the scale. The research data were analyzed by using SPSS2 and AMOS 18 software. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results of this study indicated that the level of Ahvaz citizens’ health behaviors was higher than the average. The results of the correlation test between the variables of attitude towards Covid19 and healthoriented behaviors were as follows:1) There was a significant relationship between the attitudes towards Covid19 and health behaviors in the Covid19 pandemic period.2) The correlation between health literacy and health behavior was significant in the Covid19 pandemic period. The results of path analysis showed that the variables of health literacy and attitude towards Covid19 had a high power for predicting health behavior in such a way that these two variables could explain 51% of the variance of health behavior among Ahvaz citizens. In general, it could be concluded that health literacy and attitude towards Covid19 played a key role in improving the citizens’ health behaviors. Upon comparing the beta coefficients, it could be concluded that the total effect of Covid19 attitude was 0.679 more than that of the variable of health literacy. Consistent with this finding, the results obtained by Rinken Orib et al. (2021) revealed that the attitude towards Covid19 prevention had a significant effect on health behavior in the Covid19 pandemic period. The KnowledgeAttitudeBehavior (KAB) model also demonstrated that changes in the health behaviors occurred gradually. Therefore, the content of the knowledgeattitudebehavior theory was congruent with the research findings.Given the importance of health literacy and attitude towards covid19 in the development of health behavior during corona outbreak, it is necessary to invest in the promotion of health literacy.Based on the research findings, physicians and scientific, sports, religious, and artistic reference groups in Khuzestan Province are suggested to emphasize observing social distance in the social media and networks so as to promote a responsible attitude towards Covid19 and health behavior.It is suggested that Khuzestan Health Center set up free online and telephone counseling centers in cooperation with academic elites, NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs), and psychologists to ameliorate the citizens’ healthpromoting behaviors in the Covid19 pandemic period.One of the limitations of the present research was the prevalence of the Covid19 pandemic in Ahvaz at the time of data collection. This limitation was partially overcome by teaching how to collect the data in corona conditions and observing health protocols when collecting data.