human papillomavirus (hpv16 and hpv18) infection; pathogenesis, vaccination, and detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification with lateral flow dipstick tests: a review

Context: human papillomavirus (hpv) infections contribute to the cause of 15% - 20% of all human cancers. this review aims to examine and provide updated information on various aspects, with a particular focus on topics that are of interest to dermatologists. evidence acquisition: using published studies, the pathogenicity of hpv was investigated. subsequently, the existing vaccines were explored, followed by a review of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow dipstick (lamp-lfd) method. results: for hpv detection, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), self-sustained sequence replication (3sr), strand displacement amplification (sda), and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) were used. these methods can have good detection but still have problems. in comparison with nested pcr, the detection of hpv16 and hpv18 using lamp-lfd has higher sensitivity. conclusions: loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow dipstick is a simple and rapid method for the specific and sensitive detection of hpv. thus, along with the previous hpv16 and hpv18 diagnostic tools, lamp-lfd might be useful in field studies or local hospitals.