سیمیائیة الشخصیات الدینیة عند الشاعر عبد الجبار الفیاض

ظهر فی القرن العشرین العدید من العلوم النقدیة الحدیثة، فکان مصطلح علم السیمیاء هو احد هذه العلوم الذی ثبت وجوده من قبل علماء النقد الغربی الحدیث، وهم من عرّفوا علم السیمیاء بانه علامات ودلالات لغویة کانت موجودة قبلاً فی الادب العربی، فترکزت دراسة هذا البحث حول سیمیائیة الشخصیات الدینیة مثل شخصیة (الامام الحسین، والامام الرضا، وشخصیة السیدة زینب) فتناول البحث دراسة السیمیائیة لهذه الشخصیات لانها من الشخصیات الموثرة فی المجتمع الاسلامی. ولها علامات ومدلولات خاصة بها. فکان محور هذا البحث التحلیل السیمیائی لهذه الشخصیات فی شعر الشاعر الفیاض1، فیبین لنا الشاعر ما یعانی منه المجتمع فی زمنه، فیذکر فی اشعاره هذه الشخصیات وما عاشته، وکانت لها ممیزات وعلامات لها تاثیر فی تغیر الواقع الذی کان یعیشه ابناء وطنه ، ویستفید الشاعر من هذه الشخصیات الدینیة فی توضیح غرضه الشعری، ولانها قریبة من الواقع یستطیع من خلال توظیفها ان یوضح التشابه بین ما مرّت به هذه الشخصیات فی زمنها وبین الواقع الاجتماعی الذی یعیشه وطنه، وما یسوده من الظلم والفقر والطغیان، فلم یستطیع الشاعر ان یوضح ویرسم هدفه بدون الاستعانة بهذه الشخصیات وسیمائیتها، فکان شعر الفیاض یحتوی على ثروة وفیرة وغزیره بالرموز والاشارات والمعانی لهذه الشخصیات التی تحتاج الى دراسة وتحلیل لمعرفة مدى حرص وتالم الشاعر على بلده، ومن النتائج البحث هو توضیح العلامات والرموز التی حملتها الشخصیات الدینیة فی شعر الفیاض، التی کانت مخفیة بین ابیات قصائده ، فمثلت هذه العلامات موضوعاً اساسیاً لربط العلاقة بین زمن الشخصیات التی ذکرها وبین الواقع الذی یعیش به الشاعر، فمثل الشعر المعاصر السیمیائیة بکل لغاتها ورموزها، وبالاخص ما اشار الیه بیرس الذی عبر عن السیمیائیة بالدلالة والصورة التی ترسمها علاقة الدال بالمدلول.

the semiotics of religious figures for the poetabdul-jabbar al-fayyadh

in the twentieth century, many modern critical sciences appeared, so the term semiotics was one of these sciences whose existence was proven by modern western critics, who defined semiotics as linguistic signs and connotations that existed before in arabic literature.  religious studies and determining their signs, implications and importance in poetry after determining the connotations, symbols and signs of these characters, and their relationship to society. the focus of this research was the semiotics of religious personalities in the poetry of the poet al-fayyad. the poet shows us what the society suffers from at all times by mentioning the signs that refer to this suffering. through these religious personalities, he wanted to clarify their semiotics and what happened to them in their time and what they experienced and suffered?  so, he chose religious figures who were close to people, and through employing them, he could clarify the similarity between what these personalities went through in their time and the social reality experienced by the people of his country and the prevailing injustice, poverty and tyranny.  especially contemporary poets such as our poet abdul-jabbar al-fayyad, and the purpose was not to remind them that they are the descendants of the messenger (peace be upon him) and they must follow their path only.  the poet has vocabulary specific to the incident of tuff, not only intended to fight, but he wanted to take lessons and wisdom from that incident and not repeat the mistake that muslims made before when they failed and did not stand with the imam to support the religion and save the oppressed people.  the semiotics were clear in his poetry and loaded with symbols, signs and connotations with multiple meanings and related to the social and historical reality that was not restricted to a specific time.  *phd student of arabic language literature, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad iran.  alselawee252@gmail.com .**assistant professor of arabic language literature, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, iran (corresponding author). seddighi@um.ac.ir***professor of arabic language literature, university of lebanon, beirut, lebanon. maha_h86@hotmail.com    the poet used the term personality according to its concept known by poets of contemporary literature, so the personality became a means for al-fayyad to express its connotations and features through the concept of semiotics.  the study on the one hand, as literary criticism had the greatest effort in clarifying the characters and their concept and studying them at the level of poetry and poetic poems in particular.  the poet referred to it in the content of his poetry, creating a kind of integration between events and linking them to the desired goal. we found al-fayyad’s poetry containing abundant wealth and abundant symbols, signs and meanings that need study and analysis to know the extent of the poet’s concern and pain for his country, and we will try to decipher the symbols and show the semantic signs through a study  the semiotics of some of his poems that contain religious figures based on modern theories that discovered this science and proved its existence.  on the semiotic symbols and we explain them to the reader by analyzing the poems and explaining what is hidden in their verses, and many different studies have emerged about the semiotic method, and that this science consists of different elements, symbols and signs and has semantic relations based on the theory of signifier and signified, so studies branched out about this science from different sides, and every researcher tries  to achieve the goal he wanted to reach in his study after relying on the studies that preceded him with an attempt to renew in writing research in a modern style that no researcher had previously touched on, and studying the semiotics of religious personalities associated with ahl al-bayt (peace be upon them) and their impact on changing society in the poetic field, which the researchers did not touch much  the study of semiotics in the field of prose increased, especially the story, theatrical and other prose arts. the research aimed to study the semiotics of religious figures in poetry, especially the poet fayadh, which none of the researchers touched on studying the poetry of this contemporary poet from this aspect, as the poet is considered one of the contemporary poets and is still  he is alive, as we benefited from his poetry and were able to analyze the vocabulary of his poems that we analyzed. the poet al-fayyad is considered one of the poets who they were proud of the emergence of the religious trend in their poetry and as creatively in employing vocabulary that bears indications of the praise of these great personalities whom god has honored and made their shrines immortal to this day.  to clarify the reason for mentioning the character in arabic poetry and analyzing it and relying on the principle of linking between mentioning the character and the occasion in which it was mentioned through the signs and signs that the poet referred to in the content of his poetry, and creating a kind of integration between the events and linking them to the desired goal, and the poet used semiotics in the appropriate place to deliver his goal,  the signifier’s statement and its connection with its meaning was perfected by referring to the signification that carried several symbols and connotations that we were able to decipher and clarify for the reader through our reliance on saussure’s theory in the concept of semiotics.