تحلیل محتوى الآیة 55 من سورة المائدة فی نقد شبهات ابن تیمیة فی کتاب منهاج ‌السنة

تعتبر آیة الولایة (المائدة: 55) واحدة من اهم البراهین على امامة وولایة الامام علی (ع) والائمة الآخرین (ع). اجمع العلماء الشیعة والسنة على ان آیة الولایة نزلت فی شان الامام علی (ع) اثناء التصدق بخاتمه عند الرکوع فی صلاته، وهناک الکثیر من الروایات الموثقة والصحیحة لتاکید ذلک. من اجل دحض حجج العلامة الحلی فی کتاب منهاج الکرامة، قام ابن تیمیة بتالیف کتاب منهاج السنة، ویشیر فیه الى اقوال العلامة الحلی تحت عنوان «قول الرافضی». کان هدف ابن تیمیة من تالیف هذا الکتاب هو منع نشر المعتقدات الشیعة القائمة على الحق حول مفهوم الامامة کمنصب الهی وحق مسلم به لاهل البیت (ع) فی هذا المجال. ومن بین القضایا التی عالجها ابن تیمیة رفض سبب نزول آیة الولایة ودلالتها على امامة علی (ع). یحاول دحض الدلالة المذکورة فی الآیة بتقدیم اسباب ادبیة وتفسیریة وروائیة باسم «الوجوه». منهج البحث فی هذه المقالة هو المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی وجمع المعلومات من المکتبة، ومن خلال دراسة صحة التوثیق ونصوص الروایات واستعراض الاسباب العقلانیة والقرآنیة والاجماع السنی والشیعی على سبب نزول الآیة المذکورة، استنتجنا ان جمیع اشکالات ابن تیمیة واعتراضاته لا اساس لها.

Analyzing and Criticizing Doubts of Ibn Taymiyyah on Vicegerency of Imam Ali (AS) in Minhaj Al-Sunnah

The verse of guardianship (Maeda / 55) is one of the most important evidences of proving the Imamate and guardianship of Imam Ali (AS) and other Imams (AS). Shiite and Sunni scholars have agreed that the verse of Wilayah has been revealed in the honor of Imam Ali (AS) and at the time of giving alms in the bowing of his prayers, and there are many narrations with the correct document in confirmation of this issue. In order to refute Allameh Hilli’s arguments in his book Minhaj alKarama, Ibn alTaymiyyah compiled Minhaj alSunnah and mentions the sayings of Allameh Hilli under the title of “Qul alRafidi”. The purpose of Ibn Taymiyyah in writing this book is to prevent the publication of beliefs about the Shiite right about the concept of Imamate as a divine position and the inalienable right of the Ahl alBayt (AS) in this regard. Among the cases that Ibn Taymiyyah has dealt with is the rejection of the cause of revelation and the meaning of the verse of Wilayah on the Imamate of Ali (AS). He tries to refute the meaning mentioned in the verse by giving literary, interpretive and narrative reasons called “aspects”. After collecting the materials, it was determined through library and documentary methods and a descriptiveanalytical approach in analyzing the materials, and by examining and confirming the document and text of the narrations and presenting rational and Quranic reasons and Sunni and Shiite consensus due to the mentioned revelation, that all the faults and objections of Ibn Taymiyyah are baseless.Given that these works did not examine or criticize Ibn Taymiyyah’s doubts in detail (all the faces raised by Ibn Taymiyyah), despite the fact that they contained a great scientific effort, therefore this article aims to discuss the problems and faces mentioned by Ibn Taymiyyah about the verse of Wilayah and examine its significance for the Imamate, and the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and criticism of Ibn Taymiyyah’s views. The data collection method for this research is the library method. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The research process in this article is as follows: First, the author extracts most of the opinions about the doubt in question from Islamic sources, then evaluates and criticizes it, and in the end, the final theory on the criticism of Ibn Taymiyyah’s problems will be presented.The examination and search of the texts and documents of hadiths, narrations and books related to the reason for the revelation of the verse of guardianship led us to realize that this hadith was transmitted by the Shiites and Sunnis in different classes and centuries, to the point of claiming consensus on the revelation of the verse in the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). This is quite clear from the mentioned narrative and exegetical sources. The Arabic literary and grammatical study of the words of the verse and its text, as well as the different documents for the narrations of the reason for revelation of the verse and its objectives, the atmosphere of the revelation of the verse and the socioeconomic situation of Imam Ali (pbuh) at the time of the revelation of the verse, and the logical interpretation of “and” in the phrase “they are bowing”, the study of general nature or the special study of the verse, the semantic study of the novel and other narrations that confirm the importance and virtue of Imam Ali (pbuh), the study of the correct meaning of the word “guardianship”, the identification of the reference of pronouns and nouns connected to the verse and the type of restriction, and the study of the relationship between the emirate and the state and other cases, clearly reject all criticisms and objections of Ibn Taymiyyah on the revelation of the verse mentioned in the mandate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).