بهینه‌سازی القای ریشه‌های تغییریافته ژنتیکی با ri-پلاسمید در زرین‌گیاه

زرﯾﻦﮔﯿﺎه ).dracocephalum kotschyi boiss(، ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان و در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن درﺣﺎل اﻧﻘﺮاض اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﯿﺎب ﺑﻮدن ﮔﻮﻧﻪ وﺣﺸﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ آن، ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ ﯾﮏ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺑﺎارزش اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ داروﯾﯽ زرﯾﻦﮔﯿﺎه، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﯾﯿﻦ )ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ( ﺑﺎ ﻏﺮﺑﺎلﮔﺮی ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮی rhizobium rhizogenes )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ a4 ،atcc 15834 و msu440( و رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )ﺑﺮگ، ﮔﺮه و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮه(، ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزی اﻟﻘﺎی رﯾﺸﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﻞِ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ال-آرژﻧﯿﻦ، اﺳﺘﻮﺳﯿﺮﯾﻨﮕﻮن، ﺳﺎﮐﺎرز و ﻧﻮع ﻣﺤﯿﻂﮐﺸﺖ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﻦ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ri-ﭘﻼﺳﻤﯿﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﯾﻪ msu440 و رﯾﺰﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﻟﻘﺎی رﯾﺸﻪ را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 62 % و 52 %(. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزی ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ اﻟﻘﺎی رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﯿﺪآﻣﯿﻨﻪ ال-آرژﻧﯿﻦ، اﺳﺘﻮﺳﯿﺮﯾﻨﮕﻮن و ﺳﺎﮐﺎرز را در ﺣﺪود µm ،0/5 – 1 mm 110 -85 و ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎی رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﺮارﯾﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ 15-20 g/l ﻻﯾﻦ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺳﻮﯾﻪ msu440 رﺷﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ms١/٤ﺟﺎﻣﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ.

optimization of genetically pri-transformed roots induction in dracocephalum kotschyi boiss.

understanding the genetic architecture of yield-related traits is essential in breeding high-performing crop varieties. this study evaluated 93 maize genotypes under two environmental conditions—zinc-sufficient (with znso₄) and zinc-deficient (without znso₄)—using an alpha lattice design with two replications. breeding values for ear traits were estimated using snp markers and the best linear unbiased prediction (blup) method. several genotypes exhibited significant breeding values for key traits. for ear length, genotypes ma039 (in both environments), ma043 and ma113 (in normal conditions), and ma100 (under zinc deficiency) showed high potential, with ma119 also performing well under normal conditions. for the number of seeds per row, ma043 stood out in the zinc-sufficient environment. in terms of ear diameter, ma039 and ma048 were notable under zinc-deficient conditions, while ma043 performed best under normal conditions. for economic yield, ma044 was prominent in normal conditions and ma100 under zinc deficiency. finally, for the number of seeds per ear, ma037 excelled under zinc-deficient conditions, while ma043, ma100, ma113, and ma119 showed strong performance under normal conditions, with ma100 also performing well under deficiency. when considering total breeding value across all traits, the top-performing genotypes under zinc-deficient conditions were ma072, ma111, ma055, ma104, and ma019. under normal conditions, ma111, ma031, ma036, ma034, ma035, and ma079 had the highest total breeding values. several genotypes, including ma039, ma100, ma113, ma119, ma048, ma044, and ma037, demonstrated positive and significant breeding values across multiple traits, making them strong candidates for use as parents in hybridization programs due to their additive genetic effects. notably, ma111 had the highest total breeding value in both normal and zinc-deficient environments, making it a promising genotype for further breeding efforts. heritability analysis revealed that the number of seeds per ear had the highest heritability in both conditions, indicating that this trait is highly responsive to selection and can significantly enhance breeding efficiency when selected based on phenotype