بررسی عوامل ایدئولوژیکی گرایش به پوپولیسم در ایران معاصر(مطالعه موردی دهه 1320 هجری خورشیدی)

پوپولیسم ویژگی سیاست در دوران مدرن می باشد، دورانی که نقش قدرت مردم در عرصه سیاست و نحوه بهره گیری از آن اهمیت و موضوعیت پیدا کرد. پوپولیسم به معنای توسل بی‎واسطه و بی‎قاعده به قدرت مردم، یکی از مهمترین آسیب‎ها و چالش‎هایی است که نظام سیاسی مبتنی بر نمایندگی تاکنون با آن دست به گریبان بوده است. بی تردید پوپولیسم مانند هر پدیده سیاسی و اجتماعی، متاثر از عوامل و زمینه‎هایی است که در گرایش به آن تاثیرگذار می‎باشد. ابزاربودگی و خلا ارزش های بنیادین پوپولیسم باعث گشته تا این پدیده از ضعف ها و نداشته های سیاسی و اجتماعی یک جامعه وهمچنین سایرامکان‎های اندیشگی و ایدئولوژیکی استفاده نماید. در این مقاله تلاش شده است عوامل ایدئولوژیکی گرایش به پوپولیسم در دهه 1320 هجری خورشیدی ، از طریق روش تحلیل کیفی و با بهره‎گیری از نظریات پل تاگارت در خصوص پوپولیسم مورد بررسی قرارگیرد. نتایج به دست آمده بیانگر آن است که عوامل ایدئولوژیکی (ایدئولوژی توده ای و ناسیونالیسم) در گرایش به پوپولیسم تاثیرگذار بوده است.

investigating the ideological factors behind the tendency towards populism in contemporary iran (case study of the 1940s)

introductionvarious opinions and views have been put forward by experts and thinkers in the field of social and political issues regarding the nature and manifestations of populism. for some, populism is a political stigma or label that they consider biased and reprehensible and undesirable within the framework of believed and accepted values. in contrast, others, populism, meaning the tendency and attention to the masses in politics, not only does not consider it reprehensible and undesirable, but they consider it a type of value and the main goal of politics. another group has considered this phenomenon to be a characteristic of illiberal politics and its presentation in the field of liberal thought irrelevant. regardless of opposing and agreeing views and opinions, in examining populism as a political and social phenomenon, what is most noteworthy and important is its analysis in the context of political and social developments in each society. in this regard, it can be said that populism is a characteristic of politics in the modern era, an era in which the role of people's power in politics and the way this power is used have gained importance and relevance. in explaining this issue, it should be said that the relationship between political actors and politicians with the people in political systems based on representation has a regularity and framework, the transformation of which can cause functional and political abnormalities in such systems, of which populism is a clear and prominent example. in fact, populism, by its presence in political systems based on representation, creates a context in which the relationship between politicians and the people is transformed. therefore, the primary needs of the upcoming research are to explain the concept of populism and recognize its dimensions on the one hand, and to examine and analyze the contexts and factors that create this phenomenon in a new historical period on the other, because in this way, it is possible to achieve a proper understanding of the characteristics of the normative political system and also to consider the necessary possibilities for taking care of the positive functions of the political system.