تجربه زیسته زنان رزمنده در جنگ ایران و عراق و بازاندیشی در نقش‌های سنتی سیاسی و اجتماعی آنان

مسئله این نوشتار تجربه زیسته زنان رزمنده در جنگ و تاثیر آن بر زندگی روزمره آنان و تحول در ذهنیت و مطالبات سیاسی اجتماعی آنان است. جنگ ایران و عراق و مشارکت زنان در آن، عامل بزرگی برای بازاندیشی زنان نسبت به نقش سیاسی اجتماعی خود در ایران پس از انقلاب اسلامی بوده است. اساس پژوهش نویسندگان، مصاحبه با چند تن از زنان رزمنده و روش این پژوهش تحلیل محتوای این مصاحبه ها بوده است. این زنان بیشتر از خانواده های سنتی برخاسته اند و حضورشان در جبهه های جنگ بسیاری از هنجارهای سنتی شان را با چالش روبه رو ساخته است. آنها از بایدها و نبایدها در مورد جنسیت، در دوره هشت ساله جنگ و در جامعه پساجنگی ازتبعیض میان زنان رزمنده و مردان در نهادهای رسمی، سخن گفته اند. پرسش اصلی نویسندگان این نوشتار این است که: حضور زنان رزمنده در جنگ ایران و عراق در بازاندیشی در نقش های سنتی آنان چه تاثیری داشته است؟ پس از تحلیل محتوای مصاحبه ها نتایج بدست آمده نشان داده که مشارکت آنان درجنگ و موفقیت شان در انجام وظایفشان در جبهه های جنگ، عاملی برای بازاندیشی در نقش های سنتی شان و چالش در گفتمان سنتی بوده است. این شرایط آنان را برای ورود به عرصه عمومی آماده کرده و مطالبات شان را در حوزه های سیاسی– اجتماعی گسترده و متفاوت ساخته است.

The Lived Experience of Women Fighters in the Iran-Iraq War and Rethinking their Traditional Political and Social Roles

War is one of the political and Social phenomena that deeply affected all aspects of life of people. In this situation, many people’s outlook will be changed towards realities and perceptions. The two world war have expanded and influential role in the context of rapid developments around the globe. The issue of this article is the lived experience of women fighters in eightyear war and its impact on their daily lives and the change in their mentality and sociopolitical demands. The IranIraq war and women’s participation in it have been a major factor in women’s reflection (rethinking) of their sociopolitical role in postrevolutionary Iran. In the absence of men, women could find better condition to expand their presence in the public sphere and diverse their social roles.   The authors’ research was based on interviews with several women fighters and the method of this research was to analyse the content of these interviews. Many of these women refuse to take part in authors’ interviews, because they are disappointment about the results of these activities. Based on perception about their previous participation, this kind of behaviour had not acceptable outcomes for them. These women have risen above traditional families, and their presence on the battlefield has challenged many of their traditional norms.The main question of the authors of this article is: What effect did the presence of women fighters in the IranIraq war have on reflection) rethinking (their traditional roles after analysing the content of the interviews, the results showed that women’s participation in the war and their success in carrying out their duties on the battlefield, was a factor in reflection (rethinking) their traditional roles and challenging traditional discourse, preparing them for the public arena and their demands in the political realm. The women who participate in planned interview and answered the questionnaires, spoke of the do’s and don’ts of gender, in the eightyear war, and in postwar society, discrimination between women fighters and men in official institutions. They have referred to many different forms and kind of discriminations against them.This research shows that the Iran Iraq eightwar had very deep impacts on Iranian women, like the previous experiences of women in Europe and the USA. This war lead to rethinking in women’s traditional roles in Iranian social and political life, and consolidation of their selfreliance. This process had continued in postwar Iran and have affected the next generation too, both women and men. But the resistance of a traditional society has not stopped, and different kind of obstacle remain.