ارزیابی میزان آلودگی صوتی قبل و بعد از انجام اقدامات اصلاحی در واحدهای عملیاتی بخش مخازن و نقل و انتقال مواد ‌نفتی شرکت پالایش نفت آبادان

زﻣﻴﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا ﻳﻜﻲ از راﻳﺞﺗﺮﻳﻦ رﻳﺴﻚ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﻄﺮح در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ و از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت اﺳﺎﺳﻲ دﻧﻴﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ اﻣﺮوز ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا ﻣﺴﺒﺐ ﻃﻴﻒ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهای از ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﻲﻫﺎ، اﺧﺘﻼﻻت و ﺑﻴﻤﺎریﻫﺎی ﺷﻐﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﻋﻮارض ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ دارد ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از دﺳﺖ دادن ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﮔﺮدش ﺧﻮن، اﺧﺘﻼل در ﺧﻮاب، از دﺳﺖ دادن ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪت، ﻋﺼﺒﺎﻧﻴﺖ، ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻋﺮوﻗﻲ، اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﺳﺘﺮس، ﺳﺮدرد، ﺗﻬﻮع، ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚﭘﺬﻳﺮی و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﻮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ را ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮات ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺻﺪا از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮازﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﻻی ﺻﺪا ﻳﻚ اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺻﺪای ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻧﺠﺎم اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در 11 واﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ آﺑﺎدان ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.روش ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ: اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن و ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ آﺑﺎدان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در اﺑﺘﺪای ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ در واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﻤﻊآوری و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺻﺪاﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﺪل slm cel490 و ﻣﺪل ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮاﺗﻮر cel-110/1 ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ casella و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد iso 9612 اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮی ﺗﺮاز ﻓﺸﺎر ﺻﻮت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺻﺪا از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد iso3745 ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺻﺪا در واﺣﺪ ﻣﺨﺎزن اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺻﺪا اﻧﺠﺎم و اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮیﻫﺎ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎی ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه ﻣﺠﺪداً اﻧﺠﺎم ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ. راﻫﻜﺎری ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ روﻏﻨﻜﺎری ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﺤﺮک، آﭼﺎر ﻛﺸﻲ، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﻧﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ زﻣﺎن ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﺮدی در ﺣﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺻﺪا ﺑﻮد.ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ، واﺣﺪ nta دارای ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ (97 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ) و واﺣﺪ ﻣﺨﺎزن ﻛﺮوی دارای ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ (82 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ) ﺑﻮد. از ﻛﻞ 523 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮی ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 115 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه دارای ﺗﺮاز ﻓﺸﺎر ﺻﻮت ﺑﻴﺶ از 85 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ، 373 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه دارای ﺗﺮاز ﻓﺸﺎر ﺻﻮت ﺑﻴﻦ 65 ﺗﺎ 85 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ و 30 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه دارای ﺗﺮاز ﻓﺸﺎر ﺻﻮت ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از 65 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮی ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻧﺠﺎم اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ 1 ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان 2/39 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ، واﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻨﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان 1/7 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﭼﺮک 0/98 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ و واﺣﺪ nta ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان 0/08 دﺳﻲ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺮاز ﻓﺸﺎرﺻﻮت ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ.ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮی: اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮیﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺻﺪا ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ واﺣﺪ nta ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺣﺎدﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ را از دﻳﺪﮔﺎه آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ در ﺑﻴﻦ واﺣﺪﻫﺎی دﻳﮕﺮ دارا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ، ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮای روشﻫﺎی ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ارزان ﻗﻴﻤﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاری ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد.

Evaluation of noise pollution levels before and after corrective actions in the operational units of tanks and petroleum products transportation in Abadan Oil refining Company

Introduction Objective: Noise exposure, risk exposure in a wide range of work station, especially oil and gas industry and related companies is considered. This study was carried out to evaluate the noise before and after corrective action in 11 operational units of tanks and transportation in Abadan oil refining company.Methods: First, the basic information including the location of noise sources and operating conditions of the equipment was collected. noise measurements was performed based on ISO 9612 standard before and after implementation of corrective actions, including repair or replacement of defective and worn out Parts or lubrication of moving parts and using SLM CEL 490 mode calibrated with CEL110/1 of casella company was performed.Results: According to the results, the NTA has the highest amount of noise (97 dB) and spherical tanks with the lowest noise (82 dB). In this study, measured total 523 stations, 115 stations with noise levels over 85 dB, 373 stations between 65 and 85 dB sound pressure level and sound pressure level less than 65 dB in 30 stations.After carrying out corrective measures to reduce noise measurements, result showed that reduction of average sound pressure level of unit 1 of oil pumping with the 2/39 dB, 1.7 dB with a unit of Control Center, pus oil pumping unit with 0.98 dB and NTA unit with 0.08 dB, carried out respectively.Conclusion: Noise measurements showed that the NTA unit was one of the severest conditions from the viewpoint of noise pollution among the other units. This study confirms the need to identify the main sources of sound and prioritize different parts of the industrial unit in order to implement control schemes engineering.