changes in some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells following foot and mouth disease vaccination

Interleukin (il)-17 is exclusively produced by cd4 helper t-cells upon activation. it most often acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines il-6, il-8, tnf-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). in this study, we studied the in-vitro il-17 response to specific antigens and a variety of mitogens and compared the il-17 response to il-2, il-4, il-5, il-6, il-10, and ifn-γ responses. we used a foot and mouth disease (fmd) vaccine as specific antigens and mitogens (phytohemagglutinin [pha], pokeweed mitogen [pwm], and concanavalin a [con a]) to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of vaccinated calves. cell culture supernatant was harvested and analyzed for cytokines, using commercially available bovine elisa kits. the mitogens induced a significant increase in il-17 production. il-17 was produced at high levels in response to the t cell-stimulated mitogens, pha, and con a, and at low levels in response to pwm mitogens. in contrast, level of the produced il-17 cytokines in response to the fmdv antigens was lower as compared to those produced by mitogens. the fmdv antigens and mitogens significantly increased il-17 production. there was not a correlation between il-17 production and type-1 cytokine, ifn-γ, and il-2, while there was a correlation between type-2 cytokine, il-4, and il-5 at either cytokine level produced by pbmcs stimulated by fmdv antigens. moreover, there was an interaction between il-17 and il-6, that is, as il-6 cytokine level elevated or diminished, il-17 cytokine level increased or decreased, as well.