comparative study of amatem and ethanol leaf extract of mangifera indica on male reproductive hormones and histology of the testis

There is a paucity of consensus regarding the occurrence of reproductive disorders after the utilization of antimalarial. the objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of an established pharmaceutical agent (amatem) and a traditional herbal remedy (mangifera indica), which is commonly utilized for the treatment of malaria, with respect to their impact on male reproductive hormones. the primary research question guiding this study was to ascertain which of these agents would offer protection against adverse effects on reproductive parameters. the present study utilized a sample of twenty-five male rats, with a mean weight of 250-300 grams, to investigate the effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system. the animals were divided into five groups, namely: the following groups were utilized in the study: control, low-dose m. indica (mag (ld)), middle-dose m. indica (mag (md)), high-dose m. indica (mag (hd)), and the amatem group. during the course of the experiment, all animals were provided with access to a standard rodent diet and water ad libitum. subsequent to the oral toxicity study, mag (ld), mag (md), and mag (hd) were administered ethanolic extracts of m. indica leaf at 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1600 mg/kg body weight, respectively. amatem was dissolved in normal saline and administered following the recommended dose of 8 mg/kg body weight. the duration of the administration was one week, and the sacrifice was conducted on the eighth day. blood was obtained via cardiac puncture and subjected to centrifugation to obtain the serum, which was then utilized for the testosterone, fsh, and lh assays through the enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) method. the testis was excised and subjected to histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (h&e) staining. a one-way analysis of variance (anova) was employed to ascertain the statistical significance of the results obtained among the experimental groups. serum testosterone levels were elevated in the amatem, mag (md), and mag (hd) groups compared to the control group at a significance level of p < 0.05. a significant increase in testosterone was observed in the amatem group compared to the mag (md) and mag (hd) groups at a p < 0.05 level of statistical significance. the analysis revealed that the follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) levels of the amatem mag (ld), mag (md), and mag (hd) groups did not exhibit a statistically significant difference when compared with the control group. distortions ranging from mild to severe were observed in the histology of the testis in both the extract and drug-administered groups. although amatem and m. indica have been observed to elevate testosterone levels, it is imperative to exercise caution, as there is a potential for detrimental effects on testicular health in the long term. gas chromatography mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis yielded a total of 43 compounds, with heptadecane exhibiting the highest peak area percentage at 8.00%.