exploring quantum in cancer biology: a comprehensive review of nontrivial quantum events

This study explores the potential of quantum computing as an alternative information processing approach, utilizing quantum bits (qubits), superposition, and entanglement to significantly expand computational capabilities in the healthcare domain. it is evident that quantum mechanics has become a foundational component in the construction of our contemporary physical reality. this scientific field is distinguished by its rapid advancement and the potential to transform various aspects of our daily lives. in this era, quantum biology is of significant importance and has the potential to act as a transformative force, particularly in the field of medicine, specifically in addressing the challenges posed by cancer. cancer is defined as a complex and abnormal alteration of cells, orchestrated through intricate signaling pathways. this transformation is characterized by the accumulation of deleterious mutations. the concept of phenocopy, representing genetic mutations influenced by the environment, challenges the linear process line of molecular biology involving dna, rna, and proteins. notwithstanding the augmented focus on quantum biology in recent decades, a plethora of unresolved issues persist within the domain of cancer biology, thereby giving rise to unexplored avenues. quantum theory has demonstrated its ability to explain models related to biological and biochemical processes, encompassing the effects of carcinogens on genes, the mechanism of interactions between chemotherapy drugs and dna, and the understanding of dna mutations and defective protein synthesis. recent skepticism among quantum physicists regarding the fundamental role of quantum effects in biology has emerged, particularly with regard to open quantum systems and the impact of decoherence on the destruction of coherence necessary for significant quantum effects. the document under scrutiny herein undertakes an investigation of recent studies that are rooted in the principles of quantum physics, with a particular focus on the manner in which these principles apply to the domains of cancer biology and metabolism.