investigating the potential application of organic and inorganic nanoparticles for gastric cancer treatment: an evidence-based review

Gastric cancer, which is considered a main global health concern, is the sixth most frequent cancer and the second cancer-related death worldwide. this survey was designed to systematically review the anti-gastric cancer effect of all the organic and inorganic nanoparticles in in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. the investigation followed the prisma guidelines and the findings were recorded in the camarades-nc3rs preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis facility (syrf) database. we searched the publications in various english databases such as scopus, web of science, embase, pubmed and google scholar with no specified publication time frame to obtain papers regarding the anti-gastric cancer properties of nanoparticles. the following terms including: “nanoparticles”, “gastric cancer”, “anti-gastric cancer”, “metal nanoparticles”, “organic nanoparticles”, “inorganic nanoparticles “, in vitro”, clinical” and “in vivo” were applied in this study. out of 11189 papers, 31 papers including 19 in vitro (45.5%), 3 in vivo (13.6%), 3 clinical trials (13.6%), and 6 in vitro / in vivo (27.3%) up to 2023 met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. the most widely used nanoparticles were organic nanoparticles such as polylactic acid, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (plga) (16, 80.0%), followed by inorganic nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (13, 41.9.0%). this review study showed the high anti-gastric cancer potential of a wide range of organic and non-organic nps through their activity through some mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, gene therapy, drug delivery, etc. however, more studies, especially in a clinical setting, are needed to confirm their anti-gastric effects and accurate mechanisms.