expression of hpv-16 l1 gene human papillomavirus (htlv-1) identified by pap smear

The human papillomavirus (hpv) is a crucial but not the predominant cause of cervical cancer. this study aimed to identify hpv-16 l1 gene expression in human papillomavirus using a pap smear. a total of 120 serum samples, 60 samples were taken from infected females with papillomavirus and another 60 as healthy control. these samples were collected after pap smears were done. these women attended al-emam hospital for delivery from march 1st, 2021, to february 28th, 2022. the levels of pap-igm and pap-igg were increasing among patients attacked by papilloma. the levels of viruses were higher than in levels than control groups, which was indicated by increases in the scores of mean and standard deviation (2.01±1.17, 0.11±0.02), (14.24±7.10, 0.4±0.17), respectively. statistically, these differences between the levels of the studied groups were highly significant. the levels of the three markers ca19.9, ca125, and ca15.3 were normal in levels among papilloma patients and the control group compared to the normal value of the three markers, which equaled n.v. (>37ng/ml). statistically, these differences between the scores of the three markers, which were measured depending on mean and standard deviation, were highly significant. there is a low positive correlation between the levels of pap-igm (>1) with levels of ca19.9 (>37) with (r=0.409**, p=0.000), while there is a moderate association between the levels of pap-igm (>1) with ca125 (>35ng/ml) and ca15.3 (>37ng/ml) levels with (r=0.574**, 0.565**, p=0.000, 0.000) respectively. also, this table documents that there is a moderate positive correlation between the levels of pap-igg (>1) and the levels of the three tumor markers ca19.9 (>37), ca125 (>35), and ca15.3 (>37) (r=0.521**, 0.592**, 0.647**). the hpv-16 l1 gene expression was investigated in patients infected with papillomaviruses compared to healthy controls using real-time pcr. the results showed a high ct value for patients and controls with a high ct value of templates, preoperational to the gene concentration.