physical, chemical, and mechanical evaluation of irradiated xeno-sheep bony implantation by low-level laser therapy of long bones fractures in rabbits

Bone grafts/implantation is widely used in veterinary medicine. the present study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and mechanical prosperities of irradiated xeno-sheep bony implantation (x-sbi) by lowlevel laser therapy (lllt) implanted in the induced empty defect of the femoral bones in rabbits. a total of 10 adult rabbits were used to create a 1cm length of the femoral gab surgically; thereafter, the empty space was filled with x-sbi and internally fixed by intramedullary pinning with two femoral fragments. the operated rabbits were assigned to the un-irradiated control group 1 which was left without laser irradiation, and irradiated group (group 2) which was irradiated on a daily basis by a continuous diode laser, a single dose at four points at the lateral aspect of the x-sbi for 5 min at a period of 72 intervals for 14th days post-operation with a dosage of 850 nm, 148.4 j/cm^2. the parameters which were used for the evaluation of results after 3rd-month postoperation were physical, chemical, and mechanical examinations. the physical examination revealed high bone density and hardness at the sites of x-sbi of the irradiated group, as compared to the un-irradiated animals. moreover, the chemical analysis demonstrated an increment in the level of bone calcium and phosphorus elements, as well as a decrease in the level of magnesium, potassium, and sodium in the irradiated group, as compared to the un-irradiated group. the mechanical and fracture tolerance results demonstrated a gradually high resistance level of fracture tolerance of irradiated animals, as compared to un-irradiated rabbits. it can be concluded that the irradiated x-sbi by lllt could be used strongly and successfully to fill the empty space in the femoral bone, supporting body weight better and faster than the control group, with no complications or body rejection.