Numerical analysis of thermally developing turbulent flow in partially filled porous pipes

This work numerically simulates thermally developing turbulent ow in a partially filled porous pipe. the pipe is made up of a clear fluid region and a centering fluid saturated porous medium region. the pipe is subjected to a constant wall temperature. darcy-brinkman-forchheimer model is used to model the momentum equations in the porous medium. the effects of porous thickness and darcy number on the pressure drop and heat transfer rate are investigated in the range of 0.2 ≥ φ=r < 1 and 10^-6 < da < 10^-4 with the k-∈ turbulent model. it is found that when the thickness of the porous medium increases, the local nusselt number along the pipe approaches a constant value corresponding to its fully developed conditions in a short thermal entrance length. in addition, when the darcy number decreases, the fluid velocity inside the porous medium decreases, while the velocity outside the porous region increases at the expense of a reasonable pressure drop, which depends on the permeability of the porous matrix.