Opposition-based gravitational search algorithm for synthesis circular and concentric circular antenna arrays

In this paper, a population based evolutionary optimization methodology, called opposition-based gravitational search algorithm (ogsa), is applied for optimal designs of three non-uniform single-ring circular antenna arrays (caa) of set 8, 10 and 12 elements and non-uniform 3-ring concentric circular antenna array (ccaa). two 3-ring concentric circular antenna arrays having sets of 4-, 6-, 8- elements and 8-, 10-, 12- elements, with and without center element, are considered. the algorithm is used to determine an optimal set of current excitation weights and antenna inter-element separations for circular antenna array of 8, 10, and 12 elements and optimal current excitation weights for ccaa, respectively. ogsa provides optimal radiation pattern with maximum side lobe level (sll) reduction and first null beam width (fnbw) reduction with improved directivity for caa and maximum reduction of sll for ccaa, respectively. ogsa is developed on the primary foundation of gravitational search algorithm (gsa) blended with the concept of opposition based approach. simulation results show a considerable improvement of radiation pattern with respect to the corresponding uniform cases of both the types of antenna array and those of some recent literature reported in this paper. finally, comparison of accuracies of the proposed algorithm is performed by t-test calculation.