N-Junction Modeling in Perforate Silencers for Internal Combustion Engines

In this work, boundary conditions of the t-junctions in engine silencers are modeled by the constant pressure model (cpm) and the pressure loss model (plm). initially, the mean flow velocity through the ducts is assumed to be zero. two benson cpm and corberan cpm approaches are employed in perforate silencers simulation. for the silencer with more than one perforated pipe, in which iv-branch junctions are formed, it is possible to apply the benson cpm approach. finally, when the mean flow velocity through the ducts is non-zero, the shortcoming of the cpm model and the ability of the plm model in describing the t-junctions are shown