Effectof fabric and initial stresses on the anisotropic behavior of sand

This study investigates the anisotropy in the stress-strain-strength behaviorof firoozkuh sand, focusing on the eect of the initial stress state and soil fabric. theexperiments are performed using a hollow cylinder apparatus. dierent initial conditionsare considered by maintaining the principal stress ratio (i.e. rc = 01c=03c) and theinclination of initial principal stress (i.e. c) during consolidation. the specimens areprepared using two dierent methods to assess the inuence of soil fabric. the direction ofincrements of principal stresses, , is controlled to remain constant during the test.generally, the results showed a decrease in the shear strength of sand by increasing. in specimens consolidated under the inclined anisotropic stresses, the trend of shearstrength variation versus  diered and depended on c. the vertical consolidatedsands (rc = 2, c = 0) were found to be highly inuenced by . the anisotropicbehavior of medium dense sands was observed to be strongly dependent on the initialstress state. the results showed that the stress-strain behavior of specimens prepared bythe wet tamping method is strongly inuenced by . the eect of soil fabric and initialstress state on the shear modulus was more noticeable than that on the shear strength ofsand