Analytical investigation into simultaneous effect of friction and heating on a supersonic nucleating Lavalnozzle

In supersonic water vapor ow of low pressure turbines, nucleation phenomenaand consequent condensation are commonly observed. internal heat transfer, which iscaused by phase change, is strongly irreversible and has unwanted eects on turbineeciency. also, the strike of formed droplets on the surfaces results in large amounts ofmechanical damage. condensation heat release to supersonic ow, named condensationshock, leads to considerable pressure rise, which, in turn, reduces outlet velocity andoccasionally causes severe oscillations, making the ow supercritical. the authors havepresented a novel analytical approach for the reduction of these unwanted results in lavalnozzles by volumetric heating of the convergent section. in this paper, and in continuationof the series of papers by the same authors, one dimensional, supersonic and two-phaseow is modeled analytically, and the simultaneous eects of volumetric heat transfer andfriction in the convergent nozzle are investigated. it is concluded that the simultaneoususe of friction and volumetric heating can be an appropriate and useful technique for thecontrol of two-phase ow conditions, keeping them within the desired range.