Smart structures: Part I—Active and semi-active control

This paper and a companion paper present a state-of-the-art review of significant researchperformed in the area of smart structures. the focus of the review is journal articles published since1997. this paper reviews articles on active and-semi active control of structures using a variety of systems.active control systems include active tuned mass dampers, distributed actuators, active tendon systemsand active coupled building systems. semi-active control systems include: magnetorheological (mr) fluiddampers, semi-active stiffness dampers, semi-active tuned liquid column dampers, and piezoelectricdampers. a review of hybrid control systems and control strategies is presented in the companion paper.