Simulation of turbulent swirling flow in convergent nozzles

This work simulates the turbulent boundary layer of an incompressible viscous swirling flowthrough a conical chamber. to model the pressure gradient normal to the wall, the radial and tangentialvelocity components across the boundary layer have been calculated by both the integral and numericalmethods. the numerical solution is accomplished by finite difference, based on the finite volume method.the results show that the radial and tangential boundary layer thicknesses depend on the velocity ratios,reynolds number and nozzle angle. the peak of radial and tangential boundary layer thicknesses arelocated at z=l  0:2 and z=l  0:8 from the nozzle inlet, respectively. due to the short length of thenozzle, the contribution of momentum change on pressure loss is more significant than that on the shearstress. also, the pressure gradient normal to the wall had been considered more accurately than that ofthe previous attempts.