Magnetic field effects on natural convection flow of nanofluid in a rectangular cavity using the Lattice Boltzmann model

This work applied the lattice boltzmann method (lbm) to investigate the effect of cuonanoparticles on natural convection with magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) flow in a square cavity. the leftand right vertical walls of the cavity were kept at constant temperatures, th and tc , respectively, withtwo insulated walls at the top and bottom. a uniform magnetic field was used in a horizontal direction.results were carried out for different hartmann numbers ranging from 0100, rayleigh numbers from103105 and the solid volume fraction from 0 to 0.05. effects of the solid volume fraction and magneticfield on hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics were investigated and discussed. the averaged nusseltnumbers, on hot wall, streamlines, temperature contours, and the vertical component of velocity fordifferent values of a solid volume fraction, hartmann and rayleigh numbers were illustrated. the resultsindicate that the averaged nusselt number increases for nanofluids when increasing the solid volumefraction, while, in the presence of a high magnetic field, this effect decreases.