Combined economic and emission dispatch solution using gravitational search algorithm

In this article, the gravitational search algorithm (gsa) has been proposed to find the optimalsolution for combined economic and emission dispatch (ceed) problems. it is aimed, in the ceedproblem, that scheduling of generators should operate with both minimum fuel costs and emission levels,simultaneously, while satisfying the load demand and operational constraints. in this paper, the ceedproblem is formulated as a multi-objective problem by considering the fuel cost and emission objectivesof generating units. the bi-objective optimization problem is converted into a single objective functionusing a price penalty factor in order to solve it with gsa. the proposed algorithm has been implementedon four different test cases, having a valve point effect with transmission loss and having no valve pointeffect without transmission loss. in order to see the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it has beencompared with other algorithms in the literature. results show that the gsa is more powerful thanother algorithms.