multi-verse optimization algorithm for optimal synthesis of phase-only reconfigurable linear array of mutually coupled parallel half-wavelength dipole antennas placed at finite distances from the ground plane

Researchers on antenna arrays usually neglect the effect of mutual coupling of antennas placed in proximity to each other. the interchange of electromagnetic energy happening between an antenna and a far field point depends not only on the transmitting antenna, but also from its neighbouring antennas. this effect is referred to as mutual coupling between dipole antenna elements and it is considered here in the synthesis of phase only reconfigurable antenna arrays. the main objective of this work is to produce desired side lobe level and voltage standing wave ratio in addition to few other radiation pattern parameters. multiverse optimization algorithm is employed for the purpose of generating voltage amplitude and discrete phase distributions in the dipole elements for the generation of flat-top beam/pencil beam patterns. these two patterns share the common amplitude distributions and differ in phase distributions. results obtained using matlab simulations prove that this algorithm accomplished its task successfully and is also found to be superior over other algorithms like particle swarm optimization, grey wolf optimization and imperialist competitive optimization algorithms.