optimal lot size in a manufacturing system with imperfect raw materials and defective finished products

In real-world manufacturing systems, it is inevitable to encounter imperfect raw materials and generate defective finished products. in order to cope with these practical problems, this paper studies a manufacturer that orders raw materials from an external source (supplier) and, then, produces a finished product. the raw materials contain imperfect quality items; in addition, the production system is defective. the imperfect raw materials are sold after the screening process, while the defective finished products go under a further rework process. it is also assumed that the defective rate of a machine is a random variable, resulting in three possible cases regarding the occurrence of backordering shortage. the aim is to determine economic order/production lot sizes for each case in such a way that the total cost of the system is minimized. the optimal closed-form solution is derived for each case separately. moreover, the applicability of the proposed manufacturing model is illustrated via a numerical example