the study of the morphology and structural, optical, and j-v characterizations of (ch3nh3pbi3) perovskite photovoltaic cells in ambient atmosphere

In this paper, the synthesis processes of perovskite active films of ch3nh3pbi3 (mapbi3) have been studied for perovskite hybrid solar cells by spin and dip coating in ambient atmosphere, and without glove box to reduce production cost for technological applications. the morphology and structural, electrical and optical properties of perovskite films have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (xrd), field-emission scanning electron microscopes (fe-sem), atomic force microscopes (afm) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (uv-vis). a precursor solution of lead iodide (pbi2) with dimethylformamide (dmf) solvent by spin coating at two stages (a) r=4500 rpm and (b) r=6000 rpm, and methyl ammonium iodide (ch3nh3i) with isopropanol solvent by dip coating, have been prepared for active perovskite layer (ch3nh3pbi3).