designing and analyzing two non-invasive current sensors using ampere’s force law

In this study, two different non-invasive current sensors are proposed, modeled, and analyzed. the current sensors are based on ampere force law (afl), representing the magnetic force between two parallel wire-carrying currents. these current sensors can be used for detecting/sensing dc and ac currents as well as their combination in a single wire or multiple wires. one of the most advantageous of them is that they do not rely on any permanent magnets for operation. in the first configuration, there are two microbeams, one of which is in the vicinity of the wire and undergoes mechanical vibrations due to the magnetic force between the wire and the microbeam. the movement of the microbeam, generating a magnetic field, induces a current inside another microbeam, which is stationary, as the output signal of the current sensor. in the second configuration, a single composite piezoelectric microbeam is used. the magnetic force between the wire and the piezoelectric microbeam forces the piezoelectric microbeam to move, thus producing a voltage. both configurations present extremely low power consumption, which is not dependent on the sensitivity of the current sensors. the dynamic response, sensitivity, and power consumption of the current sensors are investigated, compared, and discussed.