an experimental and numerical study on the mechanical behavior of kunststof lankhorst product (klp) sleepers

In the present paper the mechanical behavior of two types of kunststof lankhorst product (klp) sleeper, namely low-density polyethylene sleeper (ldpe-16) and high-density polyethylene sleeper (hdpe-25) with 16 mm and 25 mm steel bars diameter, are studied. to this end, the static, dynamic, and longtime static three points bending moment tests are performed. the hdpe-25 and ldpe-16 with six strain gauges are mounted on the steel bars to assess their mechanical responses. moreover, a finite element method (fem) model is developed to perform sensitivity analysis on 16 mm hdpe (hdpe-16) and 25 mm ldpe (ldpe-25) based on di erent steel bar diameters. the results showed that the ldpe-16 steel bar yielded under a load of 30 kn for 4 hours, while hdpe-25 showed signi cant resistance. numerical results showed that hdpe-25 is overdesigned and can be replaced by ldpe-25, which is lighter in weight and lower in price. the natural frequencies of hdpe-25 were almost 16%, 19%, 16%, and 33% higher than the three rst bending frequencies and rst torsion frequency of ldpe-25, respectively. these ndings prove the better performance of ldpe-25 in the case of preventing resonance. in addition, the exural modulus of hdpe-25 was almost 42%, 45%, and 65% higher than that of hdpe-16, ldpe-25, and ldpe-16, respectively.