sustainability assessment of supply chains by inverse network dynamic data envelopment analysis

This paper focuses on assessing sustainability of supply chains. in this paper, at first, we propose network dynamic range adjusted measure (ram) model. then, inverse version of network dynamic ram model is proposed. our inverse network dynamic data envelopment analysis (dea) model changes both inputs and outputs of decision-making units (dmus) so that current efficiency scores of dmus remain unchanged. we change inputs and outputs without any change in efficiency score of dmu under evaluation while inputs and outputs may have large ranges. a case study shows efficacy of our proposed model.