integrated and dynamic design of sustainable closed-loop supply chain network considering pricing

In this paper, a novel multi-objective model for dynamic and integrated network design of sustainable closed-loop supply chain network is proposed, which aims to optimize economic, environmental, and social concerns, simultaneously. in order to have a dynamic design, multiple strategic periods are considered during the planning horizon. furthermore, different shortterm decisions are integrated with longterm decisions related to the network design problem. two of these shortterm decisions are determining selling price of products in forward logistics and buying price of used products from customer zones in reverse logistics. based on the complexity of proposed multiobjective model, a multiobjective imperialist competitive algorithm (moica) is proposed to solve the model, and the results are compared with a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (nsga-ii). finally, to evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, several numerical examples are used, which the results indicate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.