relationship between values and character strengths: the mediating role of spirituality and persistence

The present study examined the relationship between character strengths, values, and behavior tendencies. character strengths are positive traits that lead to virtues, while values represent higher-order goals that guide behavior. we examined two theoretical models proposed by peterson and seligman (2004) and lavy and benish-weisman (2021). two hundred seventy-two university students (53.4% women) were recruited and completed questionnaires measuring values, character strengths, altruism, and self-determination. pearson correlation and path analysis were used to analyze the data. our findings partially supported the first theoretical model, suggesting significant correlations between some character strengths and schwartz’s (1994) values. for example, the values of benevolence, hedonism, security, and self-direction were strongly correlated with kindness, appreciation of beauty, gratitude, and creativity, respectively. stimulation was also associated with creativity and curiosity, while tradition was correlated with humility and spirituality. however, we also found significant correlations between most values and character strengths, undermining peterson and seligman’s theoretical model. additionally, we examined the mediating effects of spirituality and persistence on the relationship between higher-order values (transcendence and openness to change) and behavior tendencies (altruism and self-determination). our findings support lavy and benish-weisman’s theoretical model, suggesting that character strengths significantly influence the relationship between values and behavior tendencies. these findings have important implications for educators and scholars who aim to promote autonomous, persistent behavior and spiritual experiences.