the effectiveness of training use of character strengths on the transformational and ethical leadership of middle managers

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the training use of character strengths on transformational and ethical leaderships. the research design was a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group. the sample consisted of 40 middle managers of an organization who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. the members of the experimental group received interventions using character strengths, while the control group did not receive any intervention. the research questionnaires included the transformational leadership questionnaire (carless et al.) and the ethical leadership questionnaire (brown et al.). the data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance. the findings indicated that after controlling for pretests, the intervention using character strengths significantly increased the mean scores of the transformational and ethical leaderships in the experimental group compared to the control group.