تحلیلی بر زمینه های شکل گیری دیدگاه روان شناختی دین از منظر فروید

تبیین و تحلیل روان گرایانه (کاوش در لایه های پنهان روان ناخود آگاه) از ریشه های تاریخی و ماهیت دین ، از سوی فروید (1856-1939م) روانکاو اتریشی، هنوز هم در شمار معروف ترین نظریه های متداول در حوزه روان شناسی دین در عالم معاصر است.وی از یک طرف، هرگز نتوانست با وجه ربانی خداگونه گی انسان از در آشتی بر آید و از سوی دیگر با کشش مفرطش به روان تحلیلگری صرف ( به ویژه هیپنوتیزم و پالایش روانی) که تا آخر عمر شیوه ای مستمر در کارهای علمی اش بود ، سرانجام به این عقیده کشانیده شد که اساسا تمایل به دین توهمی بیش در راه تحقق آرزوهای بشر، نیست. این خامه ضمن ارائه اساسی ترین عوامل تاثیرگذار بر شکل گیری اندیشسه وی در رمزگشایی از راز تمایل بشر به این مهم،با رویکردی تحلیلی - انتقادی و با استناد بر اموری هم چون فقدان مماثلت و تشابه میان گروه های شاهدی مبتلا به اختلالات روانی با گروه بی شمار دینداران، مشاهدات محدود و تسری نتایج به کلیه انسان ها، عدم پاسخگویی روشن به موارد نقضی ایراد شده ، تمسک به پیش فرض هایی که در روند علوم تجربی، وجاهت علمی خودشان را از دست داده اند ، اتخاذ رویکرد کاملا مادی به جهان هستی به جای عقل گرایی فلسفی ، در صدد اثبات عدم جامعیت و فقدان مانع از غیریت نظریه روان کاوانه وی در ترسیم رمز گشایی علت و ماهیت گرایش انسان ها به دین در طول حیات بر این کره خاکی است .

Critical Analysis of Sigmund Freud’s Psychological Principles regarding religion

The psychological illustration and analysis (search in hidden layers of unconscious psyche) of historical roots and nature of belief in God from the view point of Freud (1856-1939), the Austrian psychotherapist, is still among the dominant views in the realm of psychotherapy of God and is one of the common theories in “religion psychology’.He was never able to reconcile with the spiritual aspect of human being; on the other hand, through his sheer dependence on the psychotherapy (hypnotism, and soul purification) which dominated his lifelong scientific endeavor, led him to this idea that God in no more than a sheer hallucination on the line of achievement of man’s yearnings.In his belief, God was a reflection of utopian father who is omniscient and omnipotent that has been envisaged since infancy. His vast command of literature alongside his determined belief in his achievements led him to conclude that the unfulfilled Libido, fear and needs are the basis of art creation, literature, religion in general, and attraction towards God in particular which in reality is an ilk of projection of a real father as Odepeous Complex in boys due to the sexual affair with mothers and Electra Complex in girls as the unfulfilled sexual affair with fathers.Ultimately, the basis of human attraction towards religion and the religiosity of human beings originate in his beliefs are based on hallucination, and in his terms called it as Public obsessive-compulsive disorder; and finally human attraction towards God roots in Totems. Seemingly, the influential factors affecting his basic attitudes in decoding the mysteries of human attraction towards God include A: the dominance of philosophical school of thought in 19th century, namely extreme science influenced by positivism which could be detected in his work the Future of an illusion which dealt with formation of this viewpoint in positivism, extreme scientific and atheism B: Schopenhauer’s Pessimistic philosophy and the dominance of Sensations and emotions on human beings C: Leibnitz’s teaching in which the teachings are the center and basis of activity and energy D:This paper following critical-analytical approach and based on affairs like the absence of commonality and similarity between the witness or control groups who were afflicted with psychological problems with the giant group of God believers, limited observations and generalization of the results to other people, lack of clear answer ability to the raised critics, adherence to the presuppositions on the way of natural sciences that have lost their scientific validity, materialistic ideology of the existence instead of philosophical rationalism, irrational rejection, without objective evidence, of the existence of God, gave rise to the creation of this paper to approve the incomprehensibility and certainty of the deficiency of his psychoanalytical theory on the line of designing decryption the cause and nature of human attraction towards religion and God in long life existence on the globe