the role of tp53 and associated pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression

The pancreas is an organ that conducts exocrine and endocrine activities in the body and plays an important role in digestive system and blood glucose regulation. pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is one of the most serious illnesses of this organ, killing many individuals each year due to the absence of an early detection method, making this cancer the third leading cause of death among malignancies. in up to 90% of cases, genetic abnormalities such as kras mutations and mutations in tumor suppressors such as cdkn2a, tp53, and smad4 can be detected, indicating the significance of additional studies in genetic diagnosis and therapy for this cancer. in this review, in addition to discovering information about the pancreas and its role in the body, an attempt has been made to determine the genetic origin of this malignancy. in addition, special consideration has been given to current therapeutic approaches and gene therapy-based therapies.