the effect of probiotic bacteria on the reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-mcpd) in powdered infant formula

Background & objectives: 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-mcpd) is a chemical contaminant found in many food products, including infant formulas. given the vital contribution of milk and its products to the human diet, particularly for children, the presence of 3-mcpd in dairy products poses a significant public health concern. therefore, it is crucial to explore natural compounds for 3-mcpd removal. this study investigates the effect of probiotic microorganisms (lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus murinus, and yarrowia lipolytica) on reducing 3-mcpd levels in infant formula containing various 3-mcpd concentrations.materials & methods: l. plantarum, l. murinus bacteria, and y. lipolytica yeast were prepared as active cultures. subsequently, various 3-mcpd concentrations were added to the infant formula, and the effect of the bacteria and the yeast on 3-mcpd reduction was investigated using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (gc-fid).results: l. plantarum, l. murinus, and y. lipolytica demonstrated the ability to reduce 3-mcpd levels in the infant formula at different concentrations and contact times. l. plantarum and y. lipolytica were found to be more effective in reducing 3-mcpd in the infant formula compared to l. murinus.conclusion: the results indicate that probiotic bacteria can effectively mitigate the toxic effect of 3-mcpd. these findings have potential applications in the food industry, particularly in dairy products.