comparative effect of bromelain and vitamin e on bisphenol a-induced skeletal anomalies in the rat fetus

Background & objective: the teratogenic and embryotoxic potential of bisphenol a (bpa) has been identified in recent years. bromelain is a natural compound of pineapple that contains different beneficial effects on the fetus. so, this study aimed to investigate the effect of bromelain against bpa-induced skeletal anomalies in the rat fetuses. materials & methods: in this experimental study, 36 pregnant wistar rats were divided into 6 groups including control, bpa (300 mg/kg), bromelain (40 mg/kg), bpa + bromelain (10 mg/kg), bpa + bromelain (40 mg/kg) and bpa + vitamin e (100 mg/kg). the treatment period was at the 6-15th days of gestation. fetuses were collected at the 20th day of gestation and after clarification, the skeletal system was stained by alizarin red and alcian blue method. then, skeletal anomalies were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. results: the bpa increased anomalies percentage of cleft palate, spina bifida, non-ossification of the sternum, nonossification of the last rib, delayed ossification of the forelimb, non-ossification of forepaw, delayed ossification of hindlimb, and non-ossification of the hind paw. administration of bromelain, as same as vitamin e, reduced the percentage of these anomalies. however, the higher dose of bromelain had a better effect than its lower dose and vitamin e. conclusion: bromelain is dose-dependent and even better than vitamin e, can reduce skeletal anomalies induced by bisphenol a in the rat fetus.