ویرایش ژنومی گیاه سیب زمینی با استفاده از سیستم crispr/cas9

ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ (2n=4x=48) (solanum tuberosum l)، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻫﺘﺮوزﯾﮕﻮت و ﭘﻠﯽﭘﻠﻮﺋﯿﺪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، ﮔﻨﺪم و ذرت، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ روﻧﺪ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻘﯿﺪه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ رو ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ روشﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﺻﻼﺣﯽ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎاﯾﻦﺣﺎل وراﺛﺖ ﺗﺘﺮازوﻣﯽ، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ و اﺻﻼح ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ دورگﮔﯿﺮی ﺳﻨﺘﯽ را ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از وﯾﺮاﯾﺶ ژﻧﻮم اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ، ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ وارﯾﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺎری اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد، در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ از دورگﮔﯿﺮی ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ، اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﻣﺪرن ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺮﯾﺴﭙﺮ ﺑﺎ اراﯾﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوریﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﺳﺎده و در ﻋﯿﻦﺣﺎل ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان در ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ روﻧﺪ اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎی ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، اﻟﺤﺎق، ﺑﯿﺎن ﯾﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﻮشﺳﺎزی ژنﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ، ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﯿﺐ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، در ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ ژﻧﻮم ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه روشﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺳﯿﻮن ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﺑﺎززاﯾﯽ، ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ را ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪای ﻗﻮی ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ژﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ crispr cas9 ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮهوری ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

potato genome editing using crispr technologies

potato (solanum tuberosum l.) (2n=4x=48), is a tetraploid and heterozygous crop. this plant is the world’s most important food crop after rice, wheat and corn. according to the current pressure of increasing population, potato is believed to be a vital crop to meet the food need of the growing population. although conventional breeding approaches have improved potato yield, tetrasomic inheritance makes potato research and breeding difficult through traditional crossbreeding. by specific applications of genome editing, one or a few traits can be added to a commercial variety, hence crossbreeding method can be avoided. in recent years, genome editing via the crispr cas9 system, by providing simple and robust new technologies, has helped plant scientists to accelerate different plant breeding processes. with advances being made, the insertion, expression or silencing of economically important genes is being used to improve potato production and the quality traits of current potato varieties. furthermore, genome sequence information coupled with established genetic transformation and regeneration procedures make potato a strong candidate for genetic engineering. the purpose of this article, is to review the researches done on potato using the crispr cas9 system, in order to improve traits and increase crop productivity.