Developing a Commercial Air Ultrasonic Ceramic Transducer to Transdermal Insulin Delivery

The application of low frequency ultrasound for transdermal delivery of insulin is of particular public interest due to the increasing problem of diabetes. the purpose of this research was to develop an air ultrasonic ceramic transducer for transdermal insulin delivery and evaluate the possibility of applying a new portable and low cost device for transdermal insulin delivery. twenty four rats weredivided into four groups with six rats in each group: one control group and three experimental groups. control group (c) did not receiveany ultrasound exposure or insulin (untreated group). the second group was treated with subcutaneous insulin (humulin r, rdnau 100, eli lilly and co., indianapolis, in) injection (0.25 u/kg). the third group topically received insulin, and the fourth group received insulin with ultrasound waves. all the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamin hydrochloride and xylazinehydrochloride. blood samples were collected after anesthesia to obtain a baseline glucose level. additional blood samples were takenevery 15 min in the whole 90 min experiment. in order for comparison the changes in blood glucose levels” to “ in order to comparethe changes in blood glucose levels. the statistical multiple comparison (two sided tukey) test showed a significant differencebetween transdermal insulin delivery group and subcutaneous insulin injection group during 90 min experiment (p = 0.018).in addition, the difference between transdermal insulin delivery group (t2) and ultrasonic transdermal insulin delivery group (t3) wassignificant (p = 0.001). results of this study demonstrated that the produced low?frequency ultrasound from this device enhanced thetransdermal delivery of insulin across hairless rat skin.