challenges in management of neonatal lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive review

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (nle) is a rare autoimmune condition which is caused by the passage of maternal autoantibodies through the placenta to the fetus. manifestations of nle in different organs are reversible and some are irreversible. given the diverse and potentially life-threatening nature of nle, the management of this condition requires a multidisciplinary approach. research and clinical strategies in the treatment of neonatal lupus focus on managing symptoms and improving outcomes, especially in severe cases such as congenital heart block. prenatal therapies including fluorinated corticosteroid, intravenous immunoglobulin, terbutaline, plasmapheresis and hydroxychloroquine were suggested. moreover, potential postnatal therapies may include topical corticosteroids, blood or platelets transfusion, systemic corticosteroids, pacemaker insertion and anti-tnf drugs. research should continue to explore novel therapies and improve our understanding of the disease mechanisms, aiming to further enhance treatment strategies in the future. the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the challenges in the diagnosis and management of nle, typically including pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategies.