کارکرد فرهنگ‌های منظوم دوزبانه فارسی-ترکی در انتقال دانش زبان فارسی دردوره‌ی عثمانی در آناتولی

برای آشنایی با مردم یک جامعه، سنت‌ها و ذهنیت آنها، ابتدا باید زبان آنها را دانست. از طریق مقایسه طرح‌های زبانی زبان مادری و زبان آموخته ‌شده به عنوان زبان دوم، می‌توان به شباهت‌های دو زبان پی برد، ویژگی‌های فکری مردم آن جامعه را آشکار کرد و تصویری کلی از دنیای افرادی که به این دو زبان آشنا هستند، بدست آورد. یکی از بهترین منابع، در این مورد، قطعاً فرهنگ لغات هستند. هدف اصلی این مقاله روشن کردن ساختار فرهنگ لغت‌های دوزبانه فارسی-ترکی منظوم یا «نصاب‌»ها است چرا که از یک سو از نظر انعکاس زندگی اجتماعی مردم در دوره عثمانی و از سوی دیگر از نظر واژگان، میزان نفوذ و توسعه تاریخی زبان فارسی و نیز نوع تاثیرپذیری ادبیات ترکی از ادبیات فارسی، دارای اهمیتند. ضمن بررسی فرهنگ‌ها، انگیزه‌ها و محرک‌های اصلی مولفان در تدوین آثار، نقاط ضعف و قدرت فرهنگ‌ها و نیز چالشهایی که نویسندگان با آنها روبرو بوده‌اند مشخص گردید. از لحاظ ساختاری نیز به این نتیجه رسیدیم که فرهنگهای منظوم نسبت به فرهنگهای منثور از غنای کمتری برخوردار هستند و واژه‌هایی که در بخش لغت‌نامه آمده‌اند، اغلب واژه‌های روزمره در زبان محاوره مردم هستند و واژه‌های نادر و ثقیل برای نگارش و انشا در آنها کمتر دیده می‌شوند. با ترسیم مسیرهای اصلی حرکت و جریان دانش زبان فارسی، به همراه جنبه‌های تاثیر و انتقال آن، دریافتیم که زبان فارسی نقشی حیاتی در محیط فکری جامعه‌ در دوره عثمانی داشته و به عنوان زبان گفتمان فرهنگی در جریان تضاد مذهبی بین ایران و آناتولی بکار رفته است.

bilingual persian-turkish verse dictionaries functionality in the transmission of persian language in ottoman period in anatolia

the function of bilingual persian-turkish verse dictionaries in the transmission of persian language in the ottoman period in anatolia[1]abstractthe main purpose of this article is to clarify the structure of persian-turkish bilingual verse dictionaries, because they are important in terms of reflecting the social life of the people during the ottoman period, their vocabulary and also the degree and type of influence of persian literature on turkish literature. in this research, while studying the dictionaries, the main motivations and incentives of the authors, the weaknesses and strengths of them as well as the challenges faced by the authors were determined. by drawing the main paths of movement and flow of persian language knowledge, along with aspects of its impact and transmission, we found that persian language played a vital role in the intellectual environment of society during the ottoman period and was used as a language of cultural discourse during the religious conflict between iran and anatolia.keywords: ottoman turkish, persian language, persian-turkish verse dictionaries introductionin the propitious environment of the ottoman era, on the one hand, the existence of numerous persian poetry and prose works and the general interest in learning persian not only as a literary language but also as a language for understanding arabic, which was the scientific language in islamic society, and on the other hand, the competition between writers, poets, mystics, sufis or courtiers who mastered persian and arabic languages ​​and could improve their social status through their works in the scientific and cultural fields of the islamic world, are the important factors in the writing of persian-turkish dictionaries. for children who reached the age of education and also for adults, according to their age and ability to learning, persian dictionaries were taught which included explanations of persian words as well as persian grammar. starting language education at a young age, especially for children, is perhaps one of the main reasons for writing dictionaries in the form of poetry or “nisâbs”. children’s interest to read poetry made it easy for them to memorize foreign language words through repetition. according to the content and form characteristics of verse dictionaries, a person who was familiar with these texts at a young age, would learn the vocabulary, numerical value of the arabic alphabet letters, conjugation of verbs, numbers, names of months, historical figures, proverbs, idioms, their usages and syntactic information through the sentences presented with their translation and also the basic grammatical rules of the language. in addition, they would become familiar with some figures of speech and versification, which were very useful for people who were interested in poetry. the importance of researching such dictionaries can be examined from several points of view; on the one hand, these dictionaries were a kind of educational tool which was taught in schools, mainly with the aim of promoting classical persian literature.