کیفیت منظر خیابان شهری و ارتباط آن با میزان و نوع فعالیت شهروندان تهرانی، ارزیابی کاربست نظریه یان گل

خیابان‌ها محل اتصال و ارتباط فضاها و فعالیت‌های شهری به یکدیگرند. یان گِل این بحث را مطرح می‌کند که فعالیت‌های موجود در فضای عمومی به‌طور خاص در درک این فضا مهم هستند. پژوهش حاضر سعی دارد به بسط نظری مفاهیم کلیدی یان گل در بستر مطالعات شهر ایرانی کمک نماید. روش پژوهش، ترکیبی_اکتشافی متوالی است. در مرحله نخست (بخش کیفی) از تحلیل مشاهده‌ای و برای تحلیل داده‌های آن از تحلیل تماتیک استفاده‌شده و مرحله دوم (بخش کمی) به روش پیمایشی انجام‌گرفته است. در بخش کیفی پنج خیابان شهر تهران با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با حداکثر تنوع انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمی با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای متناسب با حجم و تصادفی ساده تعداد (302 نفر) به‌عنوان جمعیت نمونه انتخاب شدند. جمعیت تحقیق کلیه شهروندان شهر تهران با ضابطه سنی 15 سال و بالاتر هستند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار spss23 و pls3 استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌ها بیانگر وقوع بیشتر فعالیت‌های ضروری نسبت به فعالیت‌های انتخابی است که  کیفیت منظر خیابان‌های شهر تهران را در هاله‌ای از ابهام قرار می‌دهد و به‌نوعی دلالت بر این مسئله دارد که خیابان‌های شهر تهران شرایط مساعد برای وقوع فعالیت‌های اجتماعی را ندارند؛ این مهم همان شرایط نامساعدی است که یان گل بدان اشاره نموده است. همچنین از نتایج قابل‌توجه دیگر در این زمینه، بحث وقوع فعالیت‌های انتخابی در میان ساکنان شمال تهران و وقوع فعالیت‌های ضروری در میان ساکنان جنوب تهران است که دلالت مبرهن بر نوعی تمرکزگرایی در کیفیت منظر خیابان‌های مناطق شمالی کلانشهر تهران دارد.

the quality of streetscape and its relationship with the citizens’ activities in tehran: application of jan gehl’s theory

introductionstreets are a key part of our societies and human life. an abundance of theories have emphasized how streets and sidewalks can be utilized for social purposes, because street design is mainly treated as part of the general planning cycle component. this reflects the fact that people use the streets in front of their homes, those from their neighborhoods, and those around their workplaces, and the quality of streets and other public spaces thus affects their everyday lives and directly contributes to their sense of welfare.theoretical frameworktoday, the human dimension of public spaces has been considered more than ever by urban planners and designers, because activities performed in public spaces can affect the quality and quantity of people’s encouragement to stop and interact in these spaces.streets are the sites where urban spaces and activities are connected and linked. in his well-known book life between buildings, jan gehl argues that activities performed in the public sphere are particularly important in the understanding of this space. according to flower, people’s activity in public spaces can be classified into three categories. firstly, there are necessary activities, which are only partly influenced by the physical quality of the environment, as it is essential to perform them to continue life. secondly, there are optional activities, which occur only in optimal conditions and are thus regard as the direct means of measurement of the quality of public spaces. these activities also affect users’ perceptions of space. thirdly, there are social activities, almost all of which arise from cross-fertilization activities.life between buildings is the most important study by jan gehl, which belongs to the social context of urban design according to carmona’s classification and has turned into a classic source in the field. the importance of jan gel’s studies lies in the observation that the relationship between the levels of activities and physical elements in public spaces has not been sufficiently considered, because social designers have usually paid attention to the forms rather than the activities of outdoor open spaces. therefore, it can be stated that this book is of exceptional importance for those who seek a deeper understanding of social planning and architecture. the present study attempts to contribute to the theoretical development of the key concepts addressed by jan gehl in the context of iranian urban studies. methodologyusing an exploratory sequential mixed method in the first stage (qualitative part), observational and thematic analyses were made to analyze the data, and in the second stage (quantitative part), the survey method was carried out. in the qualitative part, five streets in tehran were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation, and 302 individuals were selected as the sample population in the quantitative part using sampling proportional to volume and simple random sampling. the research population involved all citizens of tehran at the age of 15 years or higher. to analyze the data, spss 23 and pls 3 were used.result and discussionthe findings demonstrate the occurrence of a larger number of necessary activities than optional ones, which obscures the quality of the street scene of tehran and indicates that the streets of tehran do not provide favorable conditions for social activities; this is the very unfavorable situation that jan gehl has mentioned. another notable result in this regard concerns the occurrence of optional activities among residents of northern tehran and of necessary activities among residents of southern tehran, which clearly indicates a kind of centralism in the quality of landscape of streets in the northern parts of tehran. conclusiontehran, as a city that has experienced various manifestations of capitalist life since the 1920s, has also exhibited a variety of spatial inequality in the course of its social