بررسی نقش سازمانهای مردم نهاد در بهبود تاب آوری سکونتگاه های غیررسمی شهر ارومیه در برابر پاندمی کووید- 19

آسیب های ناشی از بحران جهانی بیماری کرونا، شهرها و مدیریت شهری را با وضعیت دشواری رو به رو کرده است. درجه و شدت این آسیب ها در اسکان های غیررسمی به دلیل خصوصیات و ویژگی های کمی و کیفی پایین این مناطق بیشتر است. هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر بررسی نقش سازمان های مردم نهاد در ارتقای تاب آوری سکونتگاه های غیررسمی شهر ارومیه در برابر پاندمی کووید- 19 است. روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی_تحلیلی با رویکرد کمّی بوده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه سازمان های مردم نهاد فعال در شهر ارومیه با زمینه فعالیتی مقابله با کووید-19 بوده است. شیوه نمونه گیری تحقیق نیز به صورت تصادفی ساده و به روش قرعه کشی است. داده ها و اطلاعات گردآوری شده در این پژوهش، با استفاده از آمار توصیفی میانگین و آزمون های کولموگروف_اسمیرنوف و فریدمن در نرم افزار spss تجزیه و تحلیل شده اند. نتایج نشان می دهد که میزان نقش و فعالیت سازمان های مردم نهاد برای ارتقای تاب آوری سکونتگاه های غیررسمی شهر ارومیه در برابر کووید-19 در مولفه اجتماعی_فرهنگی با میانگین 3.66 متوسط رو به بالا، در مولفه اقتصادی_معیشتی با میانگین 2.95 متوسط رو به پایین و در مولفه کالبدی_محیطی با میانگین 3.11 در حد متوسط بوده است. بدین منظور پیشنهاد می شود با توجه به تاثیری که بیماری فراگیر کووید-19 بر اقتصاد و گسست سرمایه اجتماعی شهروندان ساکن در سکونتگاه های غیررسمی می گذارد، سازمان های مردم نهاد تمرکز خود را بر روی جذب حمایت های اقتصادی و اجتماعی بخش های دولتی، عمومی و خصوصی قرار دهند. همچنین لازم است توجه ویژه ای به ارائه مشوق ها و بسته های حمایت مالی برای حفاظت از سلامت و امنیت اقتصادی و اجتماعی مردم ساکن در این سکونتگاه ها شود.

investigating the role of non-governmental organizations in the resilience of informal settlements against the covid-19 pandemic, urmia

introductionin recent years, the global crisis of the coronavirus pandemic has placed cities and urban management in difficult conditions. plenty of evidence and research emphasizes that the pandemic outbreak of covid-19 was severer in informal settlements due to the low quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these areas. these settlements are always encountered with many problems such as poverty and unemployment, lack of security and various social damages, socio-economic injustice, health-environmental problems, and lack of concern from the municipality. furthermore, people living in these settlements face greater risks due to the high population density, improper waste management and low-quality drainage systems, and very poor health conditions and high rates of transmission of infectious diseases. in recent years, therefore, it has turned into one of the most important challenges for urban managers in these areas to examine the ways to address and control the spread of this pandemic disease and increase the resilience of informal settlements against it. the main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of non-governmental organizations (ngos) in the promotion of the resilience of informal settlements in urmia against the covid-19 pandemic.theoretical frameworkplenty of research investigates various indicators of resilience. this research is focused mainly on the explanation of the components and indicators of social resilience. based on the theoretical framework, the three main components of social resilience include the socio-cultural, socio-economic, and environmental-physical components. in the following, the effective indicators for promotion of societal resilience in informal settlements are explained.elimination of the panic caused by problems. when a crisis occurs, residents of an informal settlement should not feel that they are alone, and it is necessary for government institutions and ngos to support them. increase in the level of knowledge. through a rise in the level of knowledge and information of the residents of informal settlements, appropriate conditions can be provided to control crises and increase their resilience.provision of education to everyone. in many cases, the conditions required for facing a crisis can be provided with inclusive, targeted education, especially upon social, economic, physical, and health crises.enhancement of participation. an important achievement of ngos is to enhance public participation and increase social capital, which can establish a powerful link between the society and government.enhancement of coordination between people and executive institutions. a specific effective role of ngos is to function as an intermediary between the government and society.financial and subsistence aid. the social, economic, physical, and health crises that occur in an informal settlement often lead to severer poverty and deprivation, where many families need direct financial and subsistence aid.employment. assisting administrative bodies, ngos are considered as appropriate trustees for the implementation of job preparation, vocational training, entrepreneurship, and marketing and creation of a business environment.public health. through improvement of public health in an informal settlement, the quality of the environment can be raised, and the spread of infectious and pandemic diseases can be reduced.the quality of the environment. the quality of the residential environments in these settlements is often low, and many citizens living in these areas do not have proper access to services, facilities, infrastructures, and public spaces.methodologythis is a descriptive-analytical study with a quantitative approach. the research population includes all ngos in the city of urmia, iran that are active in the field of countering covid-19. the simple random sampling method was adopted using a lottery. the data were